Task Force on Indicators and Reporting

1
Task Force on Indicators and Reporting

• Targets and indicators

2
Basic principles for target setting (1)

• A target can be many things gt flexibility to
  adapt to country needs
• Development of a law, monitoring programme, water
  management plans, introduction of a new approach
• Institutional framework
• Capacity building or a study
• Social and economic issues
• National / local / pilot projects
• Specific parameter
• gt But in all cases it must be possible to assess
  progress

3
Basic principles for target setting (2)

• Need for a holistic approach gt importance of the
  process
• Need to promote harmonization
• Need to have a meaningful reporting system that
  allows building a coherent picture for the whole
  region

4
Guidelines approach

• For most areas illustrate options for target
  setting non-comprehensive but useful shopping
  list
• For few core areas common indicators which
  become part of the reporting system
• gtIs it useful/agreeable?
• gtDo we need definitions, standards?
• gt Which can be core common indicators?

5
Consequences for reporting
6
Quality of drinking-water (Art 6(2)(a))

• Percentage of samples that fails to meet the
  standards for
• E. coli
• All water intended for drinking not detectable
  in any 100 ml
• Treated water entering the distribution system
  not detectable in any 100-ml sample
• Treated water in the distribution system not
  detectable in any 100-ml sample
• Enterococci
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Ref. GDWQ Vol 3 pp. 143, 288, 238
7
Quality of drinking-water (Art 6(2)(a)) chemical

• Percentage of samples that fails to meet chemical
  water quality
• Countries to decide in accordance with local
  needs (Fe, Pb, Cu, NO3/As)
• Not weighted, but by water supplier
• Quality at tap
• Ten core parameters from amongst Annex 1 Part B
  of the DWD

GDWQ , Chemical safety of drinking-water
8
Reduction of the scale of water-related disease
(Art 6(2)(b))
9
Reduction of the scale of water-related disease
(Art 6(2)(b))

• Incidence I rate at which new events occur in a
  certain population during a defined time period
• Number of new events in spec. period/
• Number of persons exposed during that period
• Prevalence P number of cases in a defined
  population at a particular point in time
• Number of people with the disease at spec.
  time
• Number of people in the pop at risk at the
  spec. time

Bonita, Beaglehole, Kjellstrom Basic epidemiology
WHO Geneva
10
Reduction of the scale of water-related disease
(Art 6(2)(b))

• Outbreak
• Two people experience similar illness after
  exposure to water and health
• Problems remain with case definitions, clinical
  analytical capacity etc

11
Access to drinking water (Art 6(2)(c))

• Percentage of population with access to safe
  drinking water connected to a public supply
  according to WatSan_Ex1
• Percentage of population with access to an
  improved drinking water source
• Focus on rural areas / sparsely populated areas
• Social/affordability issues

12
Access to sanitation (Art 6(2)(d))

• Access to improved sanitation (JMP)
• Percentage of population served by sewerage
  connections and wastewater treatment plants
  (primary, secondary and tertiary treatment)
• WatSan_P1
• Focus on rural area / small settlements

13
Levels of performance of collective and other
systems for water-supply (Art 6(2)(e)) -
operations

• Water production m3/y
• Water consumption m3/y
• Continuity of supply (hrs of pressure)
• Rate of failure of legally residual chlorine at
  point of consumption (where required)
• Main failures
• Water losses per connection (m/conn/y)

14
Levels of performance of collective and other
systems of water-supply (Art 6(2)(e)) -
sustainability

• Energy efficiency (mWh/m3 produced)
• Unit cost of water to supplier

15
Levels of performance of collective and other
systems of sanitation (Art 6(2)(f)) - operations

• Volume of wastewater produced
• Volume of wastewater collected
• Volume of wastewater treated
• Pump failures (hrs out of service/time unit)

16
Levels of performance of collective and other
systems of water-supply (Art 6(2)(f)) - sanitation

• Energy efficiency (mWh/m3 treated)
• Unit cost of wastewater treatment to water user

17
Good management practice water supply (Art 6 (2)
(f))

• National percentage of water production utilities
  with established and enforced protection zones
• National percentage of water production utilities
  with recognized certification (ISO 900 quality
  man, ISO 14000 env man, ISO 22000 Food safety
  man, WSP)
• National percentage of water production utilities
  with accreditation to national accreditation
  laboratories

18
Good management practice sanitation (Art 6(2)(f))

• Individual utility
• Annual mean removal (BOD/N/P)
• Effluent quality target exceedance
• Sludge production (m3 sludge/ m3 wwater)
• Sludge treatment (tonnes/y/treatment method)

19
Good management practice sanitation (Art 6(2)(f))

• National level
• Number of existing wwtp ( load in pop eq/y)
• Number of operational wwtp (with load)
• Number of planned wwtp
• (with load and year of start up)
• Number of wwtp slated for upgrade (with load)
• Number of dysfunctional wwtp (w/ design load)

20
Untreated wastewater(Art 6(2)(g)(i))

• of wastewater that is not collected
• of collected wastewater that is not treated
• of collected wastewater that undergoes only
  primary treatment

21
Untreated storm water overflows(Art 6(2)(g)(ii))

• Capacity of sewage collection and treatment
  plants to cope with stormwater overflow
• dry weather flow vs storm water flow
• storage capacity for storm water runoff
• total number of storm overflows per year
• Change from combined to separate sewerage systems
  (pop served)

22
Quality of discharges of waste water Art 6 (2)(h))

• Non compliance with limit concentrations
  (domestic / industrial waster water)
• Health indicators (faecal coliforms, pathogens)
• Quantity of dangerous substance released
• Permit system for discharges / quality control

23
Disposal or reuse of sewage sludge (Art 6(2)(i)
first part)

• Basic statistics
• Production (tonne/y or tonne/m3 treated)
• Treatment means
• Disposal of raw sludge
• Disposal of treated sludge
• (nature, agriculture, reused inside and outside
  the plant)
• Cases of non compliance

24
Quality of waste water used for irrigation
purposes (Art 6(2)(i) second part)

• Agriculture
• E. coli per 100 ml per area of activity
• Helminth eggs per litre per area of activity
• Aquaculture protection of workers and local
  communities
• E. coli per 100 ml
• Viable trematode eggs per litre

WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater,
excreta and greywater Vol. 1 Policy and
regulatory aspects p 33
25
Quality of waters used as sources for drinking
water (Art 6(2)(j) first part)

• Relevant obligations
• EU Water Framework Directive (art. 7(1)
• Repelled EU Abstraction Directive (75/440/EEC)
• EU Ground Water Directive 2006/118/EC

26
Quality of waters used for bathing (Art 6(2)(j)
second part)

• Microbial quality values
• Based on 95th percentile value of intestinal
  enterococci / 100 ml and taking into account
  local conditions

WHO (2003) Guidelines for safe recreational water
environment Vol 1 Coastal and Freshwater WHO
Geneva pp 70
27
Enclosed bathing waters (Art 6(2)(k))
WHO (2006) Guidelines for safe recreational water
environments Vol 2 WHO Geneva
28
Quality of waters for aquaculture or production
of shellfish ((Art 6(2)(j)))

• EU shellfish (and fish) directive 79/923/EEC and
  2006/44/EEC set standards and requires monitoring
  for salinity, temperature, DO, As, Cd..
• Existence of targets and parameters for waters
  used for aquaculture or for the production or
  harvesting shellfish depending on national
  situation
• physical parameters
• biological parameters
• chemical parameters
• Compliance with these standards
• Risk- approach data on outbreak of
  shellfish-related diseases
• Other food-related legislation 854/2004,
  853/2004 etc.

29
Identification and remediation of contaminated
sites (Art 6 (2) (l))

• Inventory
• Risk assessment (only related to risk of
  water-related disease?
• Remediative action taken ( of sites)

30
Effectiveness of management of water resources
(Art 6 (2) (m))

• Process related targets
• Enabling conditions (laws, regulations,
  transboundary agreements)
• Institutional measures (RBO)
• Management instruments (river basin management
  plans)
• Cross-cutting issues (financing, public
  involvement, education, training)

31
Effectiveness of management of water resources
(Art 6 (2) (m))

• Quality and quantity aspects
• Based on national classification systems / good
  status
• Focus on specific pollutants (pesticides)
• Population living under water scarcity
• Water exploitation index (national / river basin)
• Abstraction of water for domestic needs per person

32
Frequency of publication of information on
quality of drinking water and other waters (Art 6
(2) (n))

• Any period up to three years (art 7 (2))
• Other reporting obligations