Hematology

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Hematology ImmunologyA P 5

• By Angie Lawson RN, BSN

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Blood

• Plasma
• Liquid portion of the blood
• Albumin
• protein of highest concentration in the blood
• Serum
• Clear fluid portion of the blood

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Blood Cells (Corpuscles)

• RBCs
• Platelets -

• WBCs
• Sticky,irregularly shaped, colorless blood cells

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Origin of Blood Cells

• Hematopoiesis
• the formation and development of the cells of the
  blood.
• Stem Cell
• undifferentiated cells which retain the ability
  to differentiate into other cell types

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Depressed Bone Marrow

• Myelosuppression
• The bone marrow makes fewer of all blood cells

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Myelosuppression causes

• Anemia
• aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry
  adequate oxygen to your tissues
• Leukopenia
• Shortage of white blood cells
• Thrombocytopenia
• disorder in which there are not enough platelets

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Red Blood Cells

• Erythrocytes
• 4.5-6.0 million/microliter
• Transports protein
• Hemoglobin
• Large protein molecule, contains iron, carries
  oxygen
• Erythropoietin
• glycoprotein hormone, stimulates the production
  of red blood cells

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White Blood Cells

• Leukocytes
• 5-10 thousand/microliter
• Phagocytosis
• leukocytosis
• Neutrophil
• Basophil
• Eosinophil

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Platelets

• Thrombocytes
• 150-450 thousand/microliter
• Life span 5-9 days
• Prevents blood loss

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Complete Blood Count

• RBCs
• WBCs
• Platelets
• Hgb
• Hct

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Differential Count

• The percentage of each of the five different
  types of WBCs are measured

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Hemostasis

• Blood Vessels Spasm
• Formation of a Platelet Plug
• Blood Clotting

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Blood Types Rh Factor

• A
• B
• AB
• O

• Positive
• Negative -

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Lymphatic System
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Lymph

• Clear fluid that consist of
• Water
• Electrolytes
• Waste
• Proteins

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Lymphatic Vessels

• Capillaries
• Lymphatic Ducts
• Right Lymphatic Duct
• Thoracic Duct

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Lymphoid Organs

• Lymph Nodes
• Tonsils
• Thymus Gland
• Spleen

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Nodes vs Vessels
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Immune System
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Classifications

• Nonspecific Immunity
• Does not distinguish between pathogens and
  nonpathogens or invading material- it reacts to
  all of these to the same extent
• Specific Immunity
• Protects us against specific nonself organisms
  and substances. It is an induced response that
  is it must be taught which things to attack.

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Types of Immunity

• Genetic Immunity
• immunity is present prior to the exposure to a
  pathogen (species immunity humans do not get
  parvo)
• Acquired Immunity
• it requires previous exposure to a pathogen (or
  its product) before immunity is acquired by the
  host

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Immunologic Responses

• Allergic Reactions

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Immune Responses (cont)

• Autoimmune Disease
• The body produces antibodies towards itself
• Organ Rejection
• Transplant rejection is when a transplant
  recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted
  organ or tissue