IART219220221 Animation Techniques

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IART-219/220/221AnimationTechniques

• ? Image Mapping
• ? Particle Systems
• ? Using Animation Controllers
• ? Camera and Light Animation

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Image Mapping

• Mapping a 2D image onto the surface of a 3D
  object
• Shortcut to surface characteristics
• see the use of maps in MAX materials (ambient,
  diffuse, specular colours)
• Adding photographic details
• More advanced steps
• Image-based rendering
• Image-based modeling

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Texture Mapping Example
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Projection Methods

• Flat
• 3D and projection plates parallel
• Curved surface to simulate slide/film projectors,
  or backdrops
• Cubical
• Extension to six surfaces, one parallel
• Cylindrical
• Warping around object
• Spherical
• Add pinching and stretching on top and bottom

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Projection Methods
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More on Image Mapping

• Warping projection
• Straight projection plus stretching
• Positioning
• UV coordinate system from image
• Scaling
• Tiling
• Blending

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UVW Map Modifier in MAX

• U and V are bitmap coordinates
• W corresponds to Z axis and is for procedural
  mapping
• Seven types of mapping coordinates
• Mapping gizmo to adjust placements
• Sub-object level

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Particle Systems

• Employing simples shapes (small spheres or
  points) in 3D space
• Behaviours result in particle trajectories
• Some applications
• Snowstorm
• Cloud
• Flowing water
• Fire

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Particle Systems
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Animation Controllers

• Controllers show how animated parameters are
  stored and interpolated
• Motion panel
• Track view
• Trajectories (functions curves) can be seen and
  edited in MAX Track View
• Assign controller

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Example Controllers

• General-purpose
• Bezier (spline interpolation)
• TCB (tension, continuity, bias)
• Noise
• Morph
• Special-purpose
• List (multiple controllers)
• Expression (math)
• Script (MAXScript code)

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Camera

• Types of camera
• Orthographic
• Perspective (projecting every point toward camera
  until intersecting the image plane
• Pyramid (cone) of vision
• Point of view (POV, camera)
• Point on interest (POI, object)
• Line of view

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Pyramid of Vision
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Clipping Planes

• Perpendicular to line of sight
• Far clipping plane
• Yon plane
• Most distant
• Near clipping Plane
• Hither plane
• closest

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Camera Shots
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Camera Lenses
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Camera Moves
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Camera Motion

• Motion Parallex
• Two object (far and near) move at the same speed
• Near object seems faster due to smaller area in
  field of vision
• Motion Path
• POI for sideway scanning

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Lighting

• Types
• White light
• Coloured light
• Tinted light
• Sources
• Point (omni-directional, omni) in all directions
• Spot cone and fall-off factor
• Infinite so far the rays seem parallel
• Area/Linear e.g. fluorescent tube
• Ambient even distribution through scene

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Basic Components

• Position and orientation
• Colour and intensity
• Decay and fall-off
• Beam angle
• Glow and cone of light
• Global vs. local
• Shadows

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Basic Light Positions