The Hoplite Evolution

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The Hoplite Evolution

• Military, Social, and Political Changes in Greece
  c. 1200 500 BCE

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• Bronze Age pot from Cyprus

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• Tombstone from Grave Circle A, Mycenae

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Mycenaean Warrior Vase c. 1300 BCE
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Changes in Warfare c. 800 600 BCE
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From a Late Geometric Attic Amphora c. 720-700
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• Macmillan Aryballos
• c. 650 BCE

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Chigi vase c. 640 BCE
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Chigi vase c. 640 BCE
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c. 600 BCE
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• Part of a 4th century monument from Xanthus

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A Poetic Description of the New Warfare
Endure then, o young men, shoulder to shoulder
and fight, Do not be the first to run away and do
not be afraid But make your heart in your chest
great and stout And never flinch when you fight
the enemy. And do not leave the old men, whose
legs are no longer swift, to fall upon the
ground For truly it is an awful thing for an old
man to fall in the front ranks breathing out
his soul into the dust and holding his bloody
entrails in his hands while younger men are still
left standing So let each man bite his lip with
his teeth and stand with feet firmly planted on
the ground. - From the poems of Tyrtaios, a
Spartan hoplite and general from the 7th century
BCE
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