Flanders Marine Institute

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Flanders Marine Institute

• The development of a Tsunami Warning and
  Mitigation system for the Indian Ocean within a
  global framework

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Early warning status IOTWS

Jan Mees, director VLIZ Vladimir Vladymyrov,
IOC/IODE
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Introduction

• Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26th 2004
  triggered by 9.0-M earthquake near Sumatra,
  Indonesia
• Death toll possibly over 300,000 people
• No warning systems for tsunamis were in place and
  all of the affected countries were unprepared

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Outline of the presentation

• Introduction tsunamis and early warning systems
• VLIZ and its Oceanographic Data Centre
• IODE and IOC
• Tsunami early warning systems
• The Pacific system, regional approach
• The development of the Indian Ocean system
• Status of the project
• Flanders contribution IOC Project Office for
  IODE
• (Next steps future developments)

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Introduction

• The need for regional collaboration is a result
  of the nature of tsunamis local tsunamis can be
  handled by national warning centres, but
  ocean-wide tsunamis travel at 800 km/h across the
  ocean and require observational data from
  multiple countries in a region.
• Regional TWS require strong and sustained
  commitment by national governments, collaborating
  for sharing data and jointly bearing cost for
  regional elements of network.

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Introduction

• The coordinated response of the UN has given
  UNESCO and its IOC the leadership in the
  establishment of a global tsunami warning system
  to be built upon the 40-year experience of the
  Tsunami Warning System of the Pacific.
• This System will be implemented in close
  collaboration with the UNESCO/IOC International
  Coordination Group for the Tsunami Warning System
  in the Pacific (ICG/ITSU) in cooperation with the
  World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the
  United Nations International Strategy for
  Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR).

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Introduction

• Regional tsunami warning system Pacific Ocean in
  place since 1965.
• Comprises
• seismological and oceanic observation networks
• regional analysis and advisory centres
• national tsunami centres linked under cooperative
  arrangements
• coupled to national activities in risk
  assessment, preparedness and warning dissemination

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Objectives Flanders Marine Data- and Information
Centre

• To provide researchers, the government and those
  interested with data and information, in a
  suitable and prompt way
• To stimulate networking by documenting
  availability of data of research groups and
  governmental authorities, also on international
  scale
• To detect needs create series of data for
  interdisciplinary research, taking into account
  the accepted international standards
• Integration of different types of data, including
  control on consistency and quality

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Integration in International NetworksOceanogra
phic Data and Information Exchange (IODE )
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What is IOC/IODE?

• Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of
  UNESCO
• International Oceanographic Data and Information
  Exchange (IODE)
• established in 1961
• "...Enhance marine research, exploration,
  anddevelopment by facilitating the exchange
  ofoceanographic data and information
  betweenparticipating Member States and by
  meeting the needs of users for data and
  information products."

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IODE objectives

• to facilitate and promote the exchange of
  oceanographic data and information
• to develop standards, formats and methods for the
  global exchange of oceanographic data and
  information
• to assist Member States to acquire the necessary
  capacity to manage oceanographic data and
  information and become partners in the IODE
  network

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IODE activities

• Central hub in a network of data centres
• Supported by Groups of Experts
• Develop
• data exchange policies
• standards and formats
• division of labour
• capacity-building tools

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IODE Groups of Experts

• GE/MIM
• Marine Information Management
• GE/TADE
• Technical Aspects of Data Exchange
• Now merged with JCOMM ET/DMP
• GE/BCDMEP
• Biological and Chemical Data Management and
  Exchange Practices

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IODE Activities

• Global activities
• ASFA, GTSPP, GODAR, GOSUD, OceanExpert, MEDI,
  marineXML, OceanPortal, Regional Ocean Portals,
  OIT, OceanTeacher, e-repository,
• IOC Data policy
• Capacity building
• National, regional

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IODE data policy

• The fundamental objective is to facilitate open
  sharing of a wide spectrum of global
  international datasets for all ocean programmes
• Cost should be no more than the marginal cost of
  processing, copying and shipping
• Provisions for periods of exclusive access to
  allow publication
• Need for metadata, to assist in locating relevant
  data sets

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IODE family of institutions

• Existing institutions, taking on extra
  responsibilities in the framework of
  collaboration within IODE
• Groups the world's oceanographic data centres
  into a large and closely-knit family
• Hierarchical, three (four) levels

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Data Centre Network

• 3 World Data Centres Oceanography
• 65 National Oceanographic Data Centres (many in
  dev. countries)
• Responsible National Oceanographic Data centres
  

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National Oceanographic Data Centres

• IODEs workhorses
• Designated by governments
• Flanders VLIZ/VMDC
• DNA organisation charged with oceanographic data
  exchange for countries that did not yet establish
  an NODC

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National Oceanographic Data Centres

• Acquires, processes, quality controls,
  inventories, archives and disseminates data in
  accordance with national responsibilities
• Disseminates data and data products nationally
• Charged with the responsibility for conducting
  international exchange

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Changing role of Data Centre

• Necessitated by
• changes in technology
• changes in society
• Need to create data- and information products
  relevant to society
• Evolution from central to distributed databases
• Evolution from passive archive to active service
  centre (library model)

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IODE yesterday

• centralized data centre architecture
• delayed mode operation (weeks-years)
• physical oceanography data (T,S,)
• QC, data archival and dissemination

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IODE today-tomorrow

• decentralized model
• more attention to chemical, biological data,
  coastal data
• delayed mode real-time
• (close links with GOOS)
• E2EDM
• products and service oriented

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Traditional centralized model
1 NODC per country full control
User products/services
Data acquisition
NODC
WDC
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Decentralized model
WDC
NODC
NODC coordinating, guiding role
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Towards a Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System
in the Indian Ocean

• IOC of UNESCO

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Tsunami Warning and Mitigation

• ICG/ITSU since 1965
• 26 countries in the Pacific region
• System based on national and regional centres
• Global network of tsunami scientists

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BACKGROUND - IGC/ITSU
IOC ICG/ITSU

• 26 member States (2005)
• Australia, Canada, Chile, China,
• Colombia, Cook Islands,
• Costa Rica, Democratic
• People's Republic of Korea,
• Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, France,
• Guatemala, Indonesia, Japan,
• Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua,
• Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea,
• Russian Federation, Singapore,
• Thailand, United States, Samoa.
• Successful Operational TWS
• Successful int. science program
• Pacific Basin monitoring of seismicity and sea
  levels
• Direct humanitarian aim
• Mitigate tsunami effects - save lives/property

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IOC ICG/ITSU
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IOC ICG/ITSU
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Now need to act for Indian Ocean

• Jakarta, Kobe, Phuket, Paris, Mauritius
• IOC of UNESCO is ready/mandated to assist
• Proposal
• Seeking partnerships

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Elements Regional system
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
NationalTWC
RegionalTWC
NationalTWC
RegionalTWC
NationalTWC
International TsunamiInformationCentre (ITIC)
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Objective of the System

• Develop national and regional capacity to
• Assess national tsunami risk (Hazard assessment)
• Promote preparedness and risk reduction against
  tsunami hazard (Mitigation and Public Awareness)
• Establish a national and regional warning system
  against local and regional tsunamis (Warning
  guidance)

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3 integral components
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Warning Path
RegionalTWC
Calculate epicentreand magnitude
Earthquakeobservation
6.5ltMlt7.5 Info7.5ltMlt7.8 Watchgt7.8 Warning
Ifgt6.5
Check SL data if tsunami generated
Issue Bulletin
If yes
NationalTWC
Danger? decide based on M, epicentre
Confirm Warning
If yes
National emergencyresponse (Evacuate or Stay
alert)
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Governance

• System built and established through
  International Cooperation within the IOC as a
  family of Nations
• System shall be owned and managed by the Member
  States of the Indian Ocean region
• Built on NATIONAL capabilities and centres

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Governance

• Local tsunami warning can be handled by national
  system, but
• Regional/Oceanwide tsunami NEEDS regional
  cooperation, data sharing and coordination
• IOC of UNESCO can provide international forum and
  coordination mechanism
• IOC of UNESCO brings 40 years of experience in
  Pacific region through ICG/ITSU
• System to be developed in partnership with member
  states and other (specialized) agencies synergy,
  complementarity

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TEWS as part of broader disaster reduction
strategies

• An effective early warning system requires a
  number of elements
• prior knowledge of the risks faced by communities
• technical monitoring and warning service for
  these risks
• dissemination of understandable warnings to those
  at risk
• education, public awareness and preparedness to
  act

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TEWS as part of broader disaster reduction
strategies
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Project structure

• 5 components, each focusing on coherent area of
  results
• Core system implementation
• Integrated risk management
• Public awareness and education
• Community level learning
• Project coordination

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Project structure

• Core system the observing system, national
  tsunami warning centres and permanent regional
  coordination mechanisms, incl. training of
  personnel and operational capacities, necessary
  to routinely generate accurate and timely
  warnings and communicate them to appropriate
  authorities.

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IOC Timeline
2005
IOC Assembly
2nd Coordination Meeting (Mauritius)
1st Coordination Meeting (Paris)
Implementation
National assessments
Capacity Building
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Immediate needs for core system implementation

• support of interim system
• provision and management of sea level gauges in
  tsunamigenic areas
• utilizing GMDSS to deliver tsunami bulletins to
  ships in ports or at sea
• incorporate seismic data from FDSN and the CTBTO
  into the IOTWS
• support of governance mechanisms
• establishment and operational support of national
  tsunami warning centres

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Immediate needs for core system implementation

• fast-track training related to tsunami warning
• development of high resolution near shore
  bathymetry
• basic and applied scientific research to improve
  tsunami warning science and technology
• preparation of tsunami inundation maps
• timeline and costs

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National Assessments National Coordination
Meetings

• Know-how To assess national capacity in
• Seismology
• Sea-level monitoring
• Natural Hazard Early warning
• Structure
• National policies and emergency plans National
  inter-agency coordination mechanisms National
  networking telecommunication existing alert
  and response mechanisms.

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Capacity building

• Assist with national assessments
• Assist with organization of national coordination
  and information meetings
• Provision of equipment
• Organization of regional training courses in all
  aspects of tsunami hazard assessment, mitigation
  and warning
• Assistance with development and circulation of
  public awareness materials (national/regional)
• Provide assistance for internships and visiting
  expert programmes

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IODE project Office

• To establish a creative environment facilitating
  the further development maintenance of IODE
  projects, services products with emphasis on
  improving the efficiency effectiveness of the
  data product/service stream between the stage
  of sampling the user
• To assist in strengthening the capacity of Member
  States to manage oceanographic data information
  to provide ocean data information products
  services required by users.

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IOC Project Office for IODE

• further develop, strengthen and maintain IOC/IODE
  ocean data and information management training
  programmes and training tools
• provide an environment (think tank) where ocean
  data and information experts and students can
  work, meet and discuss
• develop, host and maintain IOC/IODEs ocean
  information systems and related public awareness
  tools

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IOC Project Office for IODE

• promote collaboration between all expert levels
  active in ocean data (and data product) and
  information management, including scientists,
  data managers and users.
• host specialized short-term training courses in
  ocean data and information management and
• provide a laboratory environment for the
  development and beta testing of ocean data and
  information management technology.

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• -1100 m2
• 2 meeting/training rooms
• 1 large conference/training room
• broadband Internet connection
• 10 offices
• 2 DIM lab areas
• web/db servers

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IODE and CB

• Before occasional training courses, internships
• Now ODIN strategy
• Linking training, equipment, operational support
• Regional context
• Product and service oriented
• Multi-stakeholder approach

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Regions ODINAFRICA

• Started 2001
• 20 African countries

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ODINAFRICA

• 2001-2003 19 NODCs established
• Data products and services developed
• Data atlases, metadatabases, national ocean
  awareness activities, stakeholder meetings,
  national coordination teams established,
• Marine libraries established national and Union
  catalogue created
• Internet connectivity support
• 2004 ODINAFRICA-III

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ODINAFRICA-III

• 3 components
• coastal ocean observing system
• data/information management
• product development, end-user communication and
  information delivery system

User products/services
Data acquisition
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ODINAFRICA-III

• Strengthen NODCs to
• - manage data streams from the coastal
  ocean-observing network
• - obtain, analyse and disseminate operational
  in-situ measurements from global programs (e.g.
  Argo and ships-of-opportunity) and
• - obtain, analyse and disseminate Level 3
  satellite imagery/analyses to the local/national
  community
• Integrate biogeographic and hydrological data
  steams into NODC systems
• Database services and products regional data
  portals
• Upgrade internet access (ADSL,VSAT,)

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Other ODIN networks?

• ODINCARSA 2002-
• ODINCINDIO planned to start in 2005 in
  collaboration with IOGOOS and ROPME
• ODINSPAC GRA forum Fiji 2004 requested
  establishment ODIN for South Pacific
• ????

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IOTWS Next steps

• A robust system for further regions and further
  hazards
• New technologies
• Interoperability between national centres
• Interoperability with land and space observation
  platforms and centres
• Up-to-date global information systems to support
  warning and response operations
• Network Centric Operations suite of national
  centres to make system robust against single
  point failure

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Regional Tsunami Warning Centre establishment
and operation

• Long term sustainability
• - regional commitment and support
• regional interest, coordination and
• cooperation facilitated by UNESCO/IOC
• - national support
• hosting country commited to
• long term support
• - multi-hazard
• hosting agency multi-hazard responsibilities
• with overlapping capabilities, resources
• - international support

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