Cartography

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Cartography

• Where topographic maps come from and what they
  are used for

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Making topographic maps
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Making topographic maps
Information comes from aerial photography, using
survey control points to locate the photographs
on earth.
Photogrammetry using aerial photographs to
create accurate maps
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• Elevation
• contours
• spot heights
• Hydrography
• rivers
• streams
• lakes
• coastline
• Vegetation
• mangroves
• forest
• Culture
• roads
• built-up areas
• railways

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Modern topographic mapping
Satellite images are now extensively to update
maps Aerial photography has always been used for
large scale maps now being replaced by
satellite images.
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1250,000 topographic detail
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1100,000 topographic detail
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Making topographic data
OLD MAPS
DATA
NEW INFORMATION
NEW MAPS
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What does spatial data look like and how is it
used?
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Spatial Data Users
Individuals
Spatial Analysts
Business
Planners
Journalists
Scientists
Geographers
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maps in 3D
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