Sofie Geth, Student Occupational Therapist, Belgium

1
Preventing Obesity in Childhood by Promoting the
Health of Children

• Sofie Geth, Student Occupational Therapist,
  Belgium
• Sasja Kuiper, Student Nurse, Netherlands
• Birgit Larsen, Student Nurse, Denmark
• Mandy Leigh, Student Nurse, United Kingdom
• Henriette Ørn, Student Physiotherapist, Norway
• ICHCI Bournemouth Health Promotion
  Module29/08/05-07/09/05

2
Childhood The Best Time of Your Life
3
Childhood The Best Time of Your Life?
4

• How Can Health Workers Promote a Healthy
  Lifestyle to Prevent Childhood Obesity?

5
What is Childhood Obesity?

• Overweight is a sign of long term imbalances
  involving intake of more energy than is expended
  (Danish National action plan against obesity 2003)

• Obesity is a condition of abnormal or excessive
  fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent
  that health may be impaired (WHO 1998)

6
What is the Situation Across Europe?

• We will ask some questions or make some
  statements
• Please listen, then wave one of your cards up
  above your head
• GREEN ? for Yes, I agree
• RED ? for No, I dont agree

7
How Many Children are Reported as Obese?

• Belgium 10 (Vansant, G 1999)
• Denmark 4 - tripled in 30 years
  (Sundhedsstyrelsen 2003)
• Netherlands 14 - doubled in 15 years
  (Gezondheidsraad, 2003)
• Norway 13 overweight (Júliusson Bjerknes 2005
  ) few obese (Heggebø, 2000)
• UK Disagreement - British Nutrition Foundation
  (2002) state 5.5 boys 7.2 girls but Health
  Survey for England (2002) said 17

8
Childhood Obesity Increasing in Europe

• European levels in 2004 for under 12s were
  highest in many Mediterranean countries
• Levels for 13-17 year-olds in England were second
  only to Crete, and RATE of increase was steepest
  in England and Poland

• There has been a 15-year lag behind USAs
  increasing rates but all European countries are
  closing this gap (IASO 2005)

9
Why Do Children Become Obese?
10

• A Complexity of Behavioural, Environmental and
  Biological Aspects

• Genetics
• High calorie nutrition
• Physical inactivity
• Psychosocial factors
• Continued

11

• A Complexity of Behavioural, Environmental and
  Biological Aspects

• continued
• Iatrogenic
• Breastfeeding

12
The Media and Childhood Obesity
Study Fast food clusters near schools
Graffiti zones are also obesity hotspots
Fat kids rank quality of life low
Chubby babies may become obese children
Europes Generation of Obese Children
Obese kids as unhappy as those with cancer
Hogwarts for fat kids
13
Does it Matter if Children Are Obese?
14
The Physiological Consequences for the Child

• Type 2 Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Heart Disease
• Joint Damage
• Stroke

• Shortness of Breath
• Skin problems

15
The Psychological Consequences for the Child

• Behavioural difficulties
• Depression
• Low self-esteem

16
Some Consequences for Society

• More chronic health patients
• High costs (example of diabetes)

17
What CanWe Do?
18
Dont just talk Do something!
19
Proposal for Action

• Multi-Dimensional approach
• The private levelCommunity level and Public
  sector
• Continued

20
Proposal for Action

• continued
• Multi-Cultural approach

• Interdisciplinary approach

21
Nutrition

• Aim to reduce intake of food with high fat and
  sugar content
• No ready meals- encourage to cook at home
• Teach / educate through cooking groups
• Advise
• Give information about healthy food

22
Activity

• Encourage an activelifestyle
• Inclusive PE/games lessons
• Exercise friendly environment
• Alternative sports groups
• Family activity days

23
Psychosocial

• Aim to increase self-confidence and social
  acceptance of obese children
• Counselling service
• Training courses
• Self-help groups

24
Streetwise (Bournemouth)

• Encourage children to THINK and find things out
• Dont give them the answers or lecture
• Make things fun and interactive
• Involve them but help when needed

25
What is being done?
26
What Does the World Health Organisation Say?

• Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
• Followed by Adelaide (1988), Sundsvall (1991),
  Jakarta (1997) and Mexico-City (2000)
• World Health Report Make Every Mother Child
  Count (2005)
• Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and
  Health, plus information Sheet on Obesity and
  Overweight (2005)
• Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a
  Globalized World (2005)

27
What Does Europe Say?

• The International Obesity Task Force andEuropean
  Association for the Study of ObesityEU Platform
  on Diet, Physical Activity and HealthBrussels,
  March 15 2005
• Europa Newsletter on food safety, health and
  consumer policy from the European Commissions
  Health and Consumer Protection DG

28
Some Examples of Good Practice and Innovation
Across Europe

• After years of discussion, many good projects are
  now underway

29
Belgium

• Fruit-project at school (Tutti-Frutti)
• The Organisation Bold
• Medical Counselling

30
Denmark

• Learn healthy habits club
• Film about feeding children from birth to 18
  months
• Fruit and veggie campaign

31
Netherlands

• Sire-campaign
• Nationaal Instituut voor Gezondheidsbevordering,
  de Vereniging Nederlandse Gemeenten en het
  Voedingscentrum are doing something together
  against obesity
• Nederlandse Obesitas Vereniging (Dutch
  Association for Obesity)

32
Norway

• Activity groups
• Fruit and vegetables in schools
• National Action Plan

33
United Kingdom

• Many Department of Health policy documents
• Jamie Olivers School Dinners
• BBC (advertisement-free station) childrens TV
  characters not promoting ? fat /sugar /salt foods

34
Discussion

• Focus on health promotion for children with
  obesity will contribute to the stigmatization of
  overweight people.
• The costs of treatment for diseases related to
  obesity should be covered by the individual.

35
Any last questions/comments?

• Thank you for listening!

36
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