Infrastructure Theme: Ia

1
Infrastructure Theme Ia
Water Infrastructure Long-term supply, demand
management and planning

• November 24, 2005
• Kananaskis Researcher Retreat

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Overall Goal

• Water infrastructure plays a critical role in
  urban and rural areas
• Foundation for economic activity
• Key facet of urban health care system
• Huge investments are being called for due to
  estimated infrastructure deficit
• Arguments have too often boiled down to trust
  us
• Little hard analysis of benefits of getting it
  right, and consequences of getting it wrong.
• To answer this central question has been our
  primary domain and central organizing issue.

3
Research Team

• Key CWN partners
• Saeid Habibi, Univ. of Saskatchewan
• Mohammad Dore, Brock University
• Close links with Michel Prevost, Ecole
  Polytechnique
• Our group at the University of Toronto
• Professors Barry Adams, Cris Kennedy, Bryan
  Karney
• Recent PhDs Andrew Colombo, Bong Seog Jung
• Current PhDs Bhaman Naser, Yves Filion,
  Katherine Zhang
• Recent MASc Carlos Diaz, Alina Racoviceanu
• Current MASc Valery Berkmuradov, Mahdav Baral
• Other partners
• Sheldon Thomas, Clean Water Legacy, Burlington,
  Ont.
• Devan Thomas, Earth Tech Canada, Markham, Ont.
• Veso Sobot, IPEX Inc.
• Duncan McInnis, Komex International
• A number of municipalities and water authorities

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Key Challenges/Goals

• Infrastructure sustainability
• Energy use and energy waste mechanisms
• Improved design criteria
• Economics
• Current assessment of actual systems
• Exploring link between water and energy
• Electricity infrastructure reliability
  consequences!
• Stormwater management and infrastructure

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Relevant State-of-The-Research

• Pioneering work on the connection between leaks
  and energy use
• Leak detection and system assessment field
  testing with inverse transient analysis
• Optimization/calibration evolutionary
  algorithms, PSO strategic investments
• Water quality corrosion and residual decay in a
  2-D model hydraulic and WQ connections
• Infrastructure sustainability LCA applied to
  water treatment processes, pipe investments
• Design criteria applying safe-fail and
  multi-objective approaches

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Approach

• Holistic broad definitions of system
• LCA, economics, performance, reliability,
  robustness, vulnerability
• Developing analytic and numerical tools, with
  specific field investigation
• Significant attention to energy use
• Coupled physical and chemical modelling
• Field testing ITA and leak detection

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Population
Land use
Pricing
Demand management
Water conservation
Energy use
Climate
Demand
Structural state
Costs
Hydraulic state
System state
System design
System operation
System rehabilitation
Water quality
Failure
Monitoring
Demand flow/press
System performance/ capacity
Reliability

• Environment
• Temperature
• Freeze/thaw
• Soil

• System deterioration
• Breaks
• Leaks
• Roughness

Benefits
Water quality
Environ. impact
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Stage of Research

• Some Achieved Outcomes numerous completed
  conference and journal papers, many completed
  masters and Ph.D. students, consultant to many
  consultants, advise to municipalities, short
  courses and training sessions in Canada, Brazil,
  China, New Zealand
• Much On-Going Work continued training, field
  work in Hamilton and Miami, several other
  students near graduation, major proposals to
  Infrastructure Canada and on energy issues

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Representative Findings

• Leaks and energy use
• First known direct treatment of the issue
• In percentage terms, extra energy use varies gt11
  with respect to leakage
• Pipe replacement schemes are influenced by the
  spatial and size dependence of leakage
• Characterization of energy use in water treatment
  operations
• LCA inventory applied to water supply
• The critical role of perspective water user or
  utility
• Pos and cons of RWH

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Two sides of the same coin?
Water loss equivalence leakage and extra demand
Extra energy use
Hs
Hf/
Hf
Hd
leak
Qd
demand
(1-x)L
xL
QlaQd
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Key Findings/Observations

• Efficacy of water demand management
• Many systems could realize energy savings of up
  to 30 with mild to moderate demand management
  schemes
• Utility of particle swarm optimization (PSO)
• Comparable to, and in some cases, excelling GA
• PSO is useful for generating worst-case loading
  scenarios and identifying optimal transient
  protection
• Power of inverse transient analysis (ITA)
• Several real systems calibrated Toronto,
  Hamilton.
• Accurate leak detection in laboratory settings

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Worst Loading Search Optimal Surge Protection
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Key Findings/Observations

• Importance of pipe wall reactions on water
  quality
• 2D models describe more accurately wall reactions
• In bulk flow, 1D and 2D models perform similarly
  in an average sense
• Paradigm shift in design criteria
• Fail-safe to safe-fail move to holistic
  evaluation
• Better reflect reality of multiple objectives in
  design and performance evaluation
• Improved load characterization

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MCS and Damages Index
4. Damages
1. Load Generation
Loss of Life to Fire Dominates
Damage to System Dominates
?
fl(l)
Di
Damages, D
Damage Function
D2
i
D1
D3
Load, l
Damages
Pressure, p
2. Load Series
3. Failure Count
Load, l
Pressure, p
1
2
3
Time, t
Time, t
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Insights on Knowledge Transfer

• Major new field work initiatives taking place
  with Hamilton, Montreal, Sask Water and Miami
• New breakthrough in data acquisition looks
  immanent (motivation of manual work!)
  connections with air management
• Growing awareness in research community with
  growing links with UK, Italy and Brazil

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Opportunities

• More thorough characterization of energy loss
  mechanisms in WDS
• Air, blockages, immobilized valves,
  rehabilitation, extraneous demand, breaks
• Energy recovery opportunities in WDS
• Microturbines
• Pumped-storages role in securing clean and
  stable energy
• Design and operational practices based on LCA and
  ecological/economical criteria

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Collaborative Interests

• On-going connections with
• Consulting firms (Earth Tech and others)
• Municipalities (many)
• Manufactures/Software Companies
• IPEX, MWH, Ventomat, Hydratek
• Continuing CWN projects
• New research initiatives and grant proposals
• New collaborations with international researchers