VSS Network Connections

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VSS Network Connections Collisions

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Topologies physical layout of network.
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Linear Bus

• All nodes directly connected to one physical link

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Ring

• Each node connected only to adjacent nodes.

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Star

• Advantage all nodes can easily communicate
• Disadvantage core node failure

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Extended Star

• Each end node of the core acts as its own star
  topology

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Hierarchical Topology

• Also called a tree topology
• No central node

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Complete Mesh

• Whats unique about this topology?

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LAN Roads

• UTP
• STP
• Coaxial
• Fiber Optics

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Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

• Precise specifications for the number of twists
  per inch
• you will be making CAT5 UTP cables in lab class

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Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

• Advantages
• Easy to install
• Least expensive of all media
• Small diameter of cable
• Proper termination procedures insures reliable
  connection

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Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

• Disadvantages
• More prone to EMI/RFI than any other cable
• Shortest allowable length of any other cable.

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Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

• Foil shields provide greater protection against
  EMI RFI.
• Increased cost of cable

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Coaxial Cable

• Advantages
• Longer cable runs than UTP STP (up to 500m)
• Cheaper than using fiber for your backbone
• Technology is well known (Cable TV)
• Better at reducing EMI than UTP or STP

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Coaxial Cable

• Disadvantages
• Thickness of cable
• Copper shielding must be grounded at both ends of
  the connection
• No longer used as a LAN media

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Coaxial Cable

• Know these diagramed parts their purpose
• Be sure to handle inspect our classroom samples
  of coaxial cable

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Fiber Optics

• Know these diagramed parts their purpose

• Advantages
• Longer runs than any other cable (2km)
• Higher data rates than any other cable (gt100Mbps)
• NO EMI!!

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Fiber Optics

• Disadvantages
• Very expensive!!
• Difficult to install
• Therefore, fiber is used only for backbone
  installations.

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The Standards Guys

• ISOInternational Standards Organization
• IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronic
  Engineers
• TIATelecommunications Industry Association
• EIAElectronics Industry Association
• ULUnderwriters Laboratories

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TIA/EIA

• TIA EIA issue standards together for
  technologies that involve both telecommunications
  electronics.
• TIA EIA have had the greatest impact on
  networking media standards
• TIA/EIA 568B is the cable standard we will use
  when making our cables

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TIA/EIA 568A/B Overview

• Specifies cable performance termination
  procedures for horizontal cabling
• Six categories (CAT 1 to CAT 6)
• CAT 5 UTP is most common

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Horizontal v. Vertical Cabling

• Horizontal Cabling includes all cabling that runs
  from work areas to the wiring closet.
• Example All Cat 5 UTP cabling in this classroom
  is horizontal cabling
• Vertical Cabling is another name for backbone
  cabling.
• ExampleThe fiber optic cabling at VSS is
  vertical cabling

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Horizontal Cabling (TIA/EIA 568A)

90m

3m
6m
99m

...or approx. 100 meters for CAT 5 UTP
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IEEE 802.3 (10Base-T Ethernet)

• Has become the chosen LAN technology
• Includes specifications for both Layer 1 Layer
  2
• Your skill in 802.3 implementation will migrate
  to 100Base-TX 1000Base-T

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IEEE 802.3 Layer 1 Components

• Passive Components (do not add energy)
• Cabling
• Connectors
• Jacks
• Patch Panels
• Active Components (adds energy)
• Repeaters, Transceivers, Hubs

Lets briefly look at each passive component
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10Base-T Cabling

• Cat 5 Cable is a Layer 1 component
• It carries bits!
• CAT 5 is the 10Base-T standard cable
• The twisting of wires limits signal degradation
  through cancellation.

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10Base-T Connectors

• Standard 10Base-T Termination is the Registered
  Jack-45
• Similar to phone plug except the RJ-45 has 8 pins
  instead of 4 pins
• Reduces noise, reflection, mechanical stability
  problems

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10Base-T Jacks

• RJ-45 Jacks have 8 conductors that match the
  RJ-45 plugs connectors.

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10Base-T Patch Panels

• Patch panels are used to conveniently group a
  work areas connections
• One side has a place for each RJ-45 plug
• The back side has punch down blocks that provide
  connectivity

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Collisions
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Collision Review

• Collisions occur in broadcast topologies where
  devices are attached to a shared media.
• Shared media is like shared highways.
• Layer 1 devices will not solve collision
  problems.
• Layer 1 devices simply extend collision domains

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Collision Domains

• Collision Domains are the area where collisions
  occur.
• Layer 1 devices will not separate (segment)
  collision domains.
• How many collision domains with
• A repeater?
• A hub?
• A repeater and a hub?

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Collision Domains Repeaters
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Collision Domains Repeaters
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Collision Domains Repeaters
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Collision Domain Segmentation

• Segmentation is the process of dividing a
  collision domain into two or more collision
  domains.
• Layer 1 devices will not segment a collision
  domain. Why?
• The only way to segment a collision domain is to
  use a device that can filter network traffic.
• What devices are capable of filtering?

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Segmentation With Bridges
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Where are the collision domains?
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