Cingular Wireless Continuity Planning and Crisis Management: Wireless 101

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Cingular Wireless Continuity Planning andCrisis
ManagementWireless 101
Christopher L. Maltese, CBCP Southeast Regional
Program Manager Cingular Wireless chris.maltese_at_ci
ngular.com 561.371.0007
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Preface

• The author would like to acknowledge material
  contributions from
• Brough Turner and Marc Orange, NMSS
• Murtaza Amiji, NMS Communications
• Samuel S. May, Senior Research Analyst, US
  Bancorp Piper Jaffray
• Others as noted on specific slides

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Focus

• Rationale Why cellular?
• Genesis history of cellular wireless telephony
• Wireless today GSM EDGE
• Cellular network design and architecture overview
• Call scenarios
• COLT tour

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First mobile telephone 1924
Courtesy of Rich Howard
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Rationale Why cellular?

• Recognized need for mobility! People wanted to
  take their telephones with them
• No longer a requirement to be tethered to the
  telephone
• Workforce evolution towards mobile offices
• Efficient use of time

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Genesis and History
Cellular Mobile Telephony

• Frequency modulation (FM)
• Antenna diversity
• Cellular concept
• Bell Labs (1957 1960)
• Frequency reuse
• Typically every 7 cells
• Handoff as caller moves
• Modified CO switch
• HLR, paging, handoffs
• Sectors improve reuse
• Every 3 cells possible

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Genesis and History
First Generation

• Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
• US trials 1978 deployed in Japan (79) US
  (83)
• 800 MHz band two 20 MHz bands
• TIA-553
• Still widely used in US and many parts of the
  world
• Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)
• Sweden, Norway, Demark Finland
• Launched 1981 now largely retired
• 450 MHz later at 900 MHz (NMT900)
• Total Access Communications System (TACS)
• British design similar to AMPS deployed 1985
• Some TACS-900 systems still in use in Europe

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Genesis and History
Second Generation 2G

• Digital systems
• Leverage technology to increase capacity
• Speech compression digital signal processing
• Utilize/extend Intelligent Network concepts
• Improve fraud prevention
• Add new services Bright future for rich feature
  sets
• There are a wide diversity of 2G systems
• IS-54/ IS-136 North American TDMA PDC (Japan)
• iDEN
• DECT and PHS
• IS-95 CDMA (cdmaOne)
• GSM

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Genesis and History
GSM 3G

•  Groupe Special Mobile , later changed to
   Global System for Mobile 
• Joint European effort beginning in 1982
• Focus on seamless roaming across Europe
• Services launched 1991
• Time division multiple access (8 users per
  200KHz)
• 900 MHz band later extended to 1800MHz
• Added 1900 MHz (US PCS bands)
• GSM is dominant world standard today
• Well defined interfaces many competitors
• Network effect (Metcalfes law) took hold in late
  1990s
• Tri and Quad-band GSM phone can roam the world
  today

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Genesis and History
Migration To 3G
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Wireless Today
3G Vision

• Universal global roaming
• Multimedia (voice, data video)
• Increased data rates
• 384 kbps while moving
• 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations
• Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient)
• IP architecture

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Wireless Today
3G CDMACode Division Multiple Access

• Spread spectrum modulation
• Originally developed for the military
• Resists jamming and many kinds of interference
• Coded modulation hidden from those w/o the code
• All users share same (large) block of spectrum
• One for one frequency reuse
• Soft handoffs possible
• Almost all accepted 3G radio standards are based
  on CDMA
• CDMA2000, W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA

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Wireless Today
GSM Evolution for Data Access
2 Mbps
UMTS
384 kbps
EDGE
115 kbps
GPRS
9.6 kbps
GSM
1997
2000
2003
2003
GSM evolution
3G
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Wireless Today
EDGE

• Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
• Increased data rates with GSM compatibility
• Still 200 KHz bands still TDMA
• 8-PSK modulation 3 bits/symbol give 3X data rate
• Shorter range (more sensitive to
  noise/interference)
• GAIT GSM/ANSI-136 interoperability team
• Allows IS-136 TDMA operators to migrate to EDGE
• New GSM/ EDGE radios but evolved ANSI-41 core
  network

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Network Design - Overview
Mobile Wireless Spectrum
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Network Design - Overview
Digital 101
Courtesy of Suresh Goyal Rich Howard
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Network Design - Overview
Digital 101
Courtesy of Suresh Goyal Rich Howard
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Network Design - Overview
Digital 101
Courtesy of Suresh Goyal Rich Howard
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Network Architecture - Overview
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Network Architecture Cell Sites

• Cell Site
• Basic Components
• Tower/ antenna
• Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
• Voice Component Redundancy
• Auto shed traffic to neighboring sites
• Facility Structural Resiliency
• Secured fencing, electronic card key access,
  etc.
• Battery back-up
• Rectifiers (redundant)
• Generator
• Permanent at critical facilities
• Hook-up capability at majority of other sites
• HVAC redundancy

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Network Architecture BSC

• Base Station Controller (BSC)/ Transcoder (TRC)
• Components
• Transcoder
• Voice processing components
• Voice Component Redundancy
• Voice processing components
• Rectifiers
• Facility Structural Resiliency
• Unmarked, inconspicuous, low-profile location
• Secured card/ badge access, onsite security,
  security camera recording
• Power
• Battery back-up A and B Power Plants (majority
  of BSCs)
• Generator Back-up (N1 or N2)
• Portable generator hook-up

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Network Architecture MTSO

• Mobile Telecommunications Switching Office
  (MTSO a/k/a MSC, CO)
• Components
• DAC
• Switch
• Voicemail (hub locations only)
• Voice Component Redundancy
• DAC, switch and voicemail redundant
• Rectifiers
• Dual entrance facilities to the MSCs
• Structural Resiliency
• Unmarked, inconspicuous, low-profile, location
• Secured card/ badge access, onsite security,
  security camera recording
• Power
• Battery back-up A and B Power Plants
• Generator Back-up (N1 or N2)
• Portable generator hook-up

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Network Architecture MTSO

• MTSO Other processing
• Components
• Home Location Register (HLR)
• SS7 (Signaling)
• Component Resiliency/ Redundancy
• HLR National Node Mirror Site with geographic
  diversity
• SS7 Fully redundant

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Network Architecture Transport

• The PSTN is our weakest link!
• TSP is key!
• GETS WPS are good adjuncts!

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Network Architecture Monitoring/ Management

• Network Monitoring
• Automatic alarms for power, smoke/ fire, extreme
  temperature, water and unauthorized access
• 24/7 network monitoring by the National Service
  Delivery Network Operations Centers (NSD-NOCs)
  and Regional Network Operations Centers (RNOCs)
• Deployable assets
• Cells-on-Wheels (COWs) base station radios,
  on-board power, tower and antenna
• Portable generators

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Call Processing
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Call Processing
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SMS Paging
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Thank you!

• Questions and Comments
• COLT Tour