GREEN HVAC DESIGN ASHRAE

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GREEN HVAC DESIGNASHRAE
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• Julian de Bullet
• ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer
• Director of Industry Relations
• McQuay International

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Rising ??
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(No Transcript)
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What Is Sustainability ?

• sustainable development meets the needs
• of today without compromising the ability
• of future generations to meet their own
• needs
• World Commission on Environment and Development
  1987

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ASHRAE Position

• supports building sustainability as a means to
  provide safe, healthy, comfortable indoor
  environment while simultaneously limiting the
  impact on the Earths natural resources

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Why Sustainable Design?

• Buildings In The US Consume 39 Of Our Total
  Energy
• 70 Of Our Electricity Annually
• 5 Billion Gallons Potable Water Per Day For
  Toilets
• Typical Construction Generates 2.5 lbs. Of Solid
  Waste Per Square Foot
• High Performance Building Practices Can Reduce
  These Negative Environmental Impacts

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What happens if we do ?

• Reduce Operating Costs
• Enhance Building Marketability
• Increase Worker Productivity
• Higher School Test Results
• Reduced Absenteeism
• Reduce Potential Liability
• Goodwill H/R

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How simple is it?
Good Basics System Knowledge Energy Analysis
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High Performance Chilled Water Systems

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Chiller Basics

• Air, Water Or Evaporatively Cooled
• Reciprocating, Scroll, Screw Or Centrifugal
  Compressors
• DX or Flooded Evaporators

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Cooling Tower Basics
Forced Draft Tower
Induced Draft Tower
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Load Basics

• Chilled Water Coils Transfer Heat From Building
  Air To Chilled Water
• Process Loads
• Cooling Jackets

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Benchmark
ASHRAE STD 90.1 STD 15 STD 34
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ARI Standard 550/590-98

• Know your Standards!

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The Industry ARI Standard
Part Load Analysis (IPLV)

• Load
  Hrs
• 100
  1
• 75
  42
• 50
  45
• 25
  12
• Systems Solution

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The Titanic Story The goal is to avoid
increasing the Carbon Foot- Print of a building.
GWP For chillers, direct emissions account for
only 4 of CO2 emissions (Total
Equivalent Warming Impact).
Chiller/Refrigerant

• System Energy Savings -
• meter is on the building
• not the chiller.
• Chilled water and Air-side
• Lights
• Construction

For chillers, indirect emissions of CO2 at
the power plant account for more than 96 of the
Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI).
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Ohnishi Basis for ICCP/TEAP report
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Full Load Vs. Annual Load
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Range Vs. Supply Water Temperature

• Declining Supply Water Temperature (44 To 38F)
• Increase Chilled Water Range From 10 To 24F
• Annual Energy Analysis
• System Peaks At 16F Range And 42F SWT
• Not As Good As 16F Range And 44F SWT!

Dont Forget LCCP
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Condenser Water Range

• Increase Condenser Water Range From 10 To 15F
• Annual Energy Analysis
• System Peaks At 10 Range
• It Costs More To Operate A System At Higher
  Ranges

Over-sizing Tower Is Best Strategy
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Variable Primary Flow Design
Bypass Line Used to Ensure Minimum Flow Through
Chillers
Apply Diversity to Flow Use 2 Way Valves
VFD Primary Pump
Flow Meter
Automatic Isolating Valves
Operational Training Controls Are Critical
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Variable Flow vs. Constant Flow
Pump Work Cut In Half
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Why Consider Heat Recovery?

• Green Is Good Conservation of Natural Resources
• Lower Annual Energy Usage
• Reduce Operating Cost
• Provide a Good Life Cycle Analysis

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Centrifugal Scroll Heat Pumps
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Heat Recovery Requirements
Simultaneous Heating And Cooling

• The Potential Heat Recovery At Any Point In Time
  Is The Lesser Of The Heat Source Or The Heat Load

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Heat Pump Chiller Design
Boiler Loop
Cooling Tower
Std. Chiller
Heat Pump
85 F
95 F
3-Way Bypass Valve
140 F
130 F
85 F
Pump
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Results
Heat Pump
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Montreal Protocol Objective
Avoid Leakage of ALL Refrigerants
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Leaks Detected per Unit at Manufacture
Less Than 10 PPM
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Compression

• Best Performance And Lowest Cost Always Starts
  With Compression
• Refrigerant Choice Drives Compressor Design
• Examples
• Magnetic Bearing
• High Speed Synchronous DC Motors
• DC Rotary And Scroll
• Compressors Inverter Technology
• Variable Flow Refrigerant

Synchronous brushless DC motor
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Refrigerants

• CO2
• Hydrocarbons
• Water

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Stimulus Package

• 100 BILLION in local construction projects,
  environmental and energy programs, and school
  modernization plans.
• The U.S. Conference of Mayors has a list of
  15,221 "ready-to-go" infrastructure projects in
  641 cities

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• H.R. 345, The Cool and Efficient Buildings Act
  in drafting the Senate economic growth package.
  This would reduce the 39-year depreciation period
  to a realistic 20-year period for HVACR
  equipment.

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System Economics
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Relative Installed Costs
PTAC 2-Pipe Fan-Coil WSHP Boiler Tower WSHP Earth
Coupled VAV Rooftop VAV Central Station Double
Duct Air-Water Induction 4-Pipe Fan-Coil
10
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6 8 10 12
14 16

• Dollars / Square Foot

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Relative Operating Costs
WSHP Earth Coupled WSHP Boiler Tower VAV Central
Station 2-Pipe Fan-Coil VAV Rooftop 4-Pipe
Fan-Coil PTAC Air-Water Induction Double Duct

0 5 10 15
20 25 30

• kWh / Square Foot Annually

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Analysis is a MUST!
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Future goals

• Net- Zero Energy Buildings
• Combination of Rising Energy Prices
• Improving Technology
• Concerns about Climate Change
• Future Goal of Net-Zero Carbon Emissions
• ASHRAE Standard 189P, Design of High Performance
  Green Buildings

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Innovative Design Award
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Questions?