Ghideon Ezaz

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EMG TELEMETRY

• Ghideon Ezaz
• October 5, 2005
• James Parker
• Matthew Ullrich
• Mentor Barbara J. Norton, PhD

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Background EMG

• An electromyogram (EMG) is a test that is used to
  record the electrical activity of muscles.
• When muscles are active, they produce an
  electrical current.
• This current is usually proportional to the level
  of the muscle activity.
• The signal is irregular and resembles noise
• The signal amplitude is 0 - 10 mv and its
  frequency range is 15 500 Hz

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Uses of Electromyography

• Detection of abnormal muscle electrical activity
  occurring in conditions such as muscular
  dystrophy, peripheral nerve damage, ALS, etc.
• Biofeedback studies and training
• Physical therapy and athletic training

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• EMG equipment usually consists of
• Electrodes attached to the patient's skin,
• EMG display monitor
• Set of wires connecting the electrodes to the
  monitor.

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Shortcomings Due to wires

• Subject restricted from many types of motions or
  exercises (e.g. running, rowing machine, etc.)
• Movement of wires and sensors slipping out of
  place lead to artifacts
• Increased amount of time in setting the patient
  up for the EMG acquisition
• Wireless system eliminates such problems

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Wireless EMG

• Various wireless solutions are available
• Very expensive
• Noraxons 16-channel Telemyo 2400T costs 30,990
• Delsys 16- channel Myomonitor III costs 25,100
• Still susceptible to movement artifacts

Telemyo 2400T
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System Needed

• Detect analog EMG electrical signals
• Provide on-site pre-amplification
• Convert analog signal to digital signal
• Transmit pre-amplified signal to main
  amplification unit
• Minimized use of wires
• Provided at minimum cost

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Specifications Desired
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Preliminary Analysis

• Transmitting element must have dimension gt ¼ of
  wavelength of wireless signal emitted
• ? c/f
• Estimate c 3 x 108 m/s
• In most wireless protocols, f 2.4 GHz
• Thus, ? 3 x 108 / 2.4 x 109 0.125 meters
• Min dim ?/4 .125/4 .3125 meters 1.23
  inches
• Sampling rate must be gt Nyquist frequency
• EMG frequency range is 20-500 Hz
• Sampling rate gt 2 500 Hz 1000 Hz

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Relevant Patents

• Khair, et al 6,897,788
  Wireless system protocol for
  telemetry monitoring
• Mok, et al 6,643,541
  Wireless electromyography sensor
  and system
• Cooke 5,57 9,781
  Wireless transmitter for needle electrodes as
  used in electromyography

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Patent 6,897,788 Entails

• Wireless sensors with two way receiving and
  transmitting remotely programmable biosensor
  transceiver
• Computer interface complete with command
  protocols, such as gain and frequency commands.

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Patent 6,643,541 Entails

• Adhesive strip with lower surface for electrodes
  and upper surface for sensors
• Attachable module containing battery and
  electronics for wireless signal generation
• Electrodes with memory for patient information
  storage.
• Computer interface with programmable commands.

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Kine-Pro 3.0

• Developed in Iceland by Kine
• Combines video, 2D movement analysis and EMG data
  acquisition
• Each electrode unit is completely wireless
• Receiver allows up to 12 channels of radio
  frequency input

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Blue-Core 01

• Developed by Roth H, Schwaibold, M et al.
• Uses BlueTooth digital wireless technology to
  transmit biological signals
• Currently expensive to use

Roth H., Schwaibold M.,  Moor C., Schochlin J.,
Bolz A.  "Miniturized module for the wireless
transmission of measurements with bluetooth",
Biomedizinische Technik 47,  Ergänzungsband 2,
854-856, 2002
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Questions?