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IMPACTS OF TOURISM

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IMPACTS OF TOURISM. Kir Ku cer. Sustainable tourism. Meets the needs of present ... Recognizes interdependencies among environmental and economic issues. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: IMPACTS OF TOURISM


1
  • IMPACTS OF TOURISM
  • Kir Kucer

2
Sustainable tourism
  • Meets the needs of present generations while
    protecting and enhancing opportunity for the
    future generations.
  • Recognizes interdependencies among environmental
    and economic issues.
  • Improves the quality of life of all people (intra
    and intergeneration).

3
Sustainable Tourism
  • AKA responsible tourism
  • Does not threaten economic,
  • socio-cultural, or environmental
  • integrity of the tourist destination
  • Transfer of ecotourism
  • philosophy to mass tourism
  • Eco-techniques used
  • by tourism suppliers
  • Limit damage to various
  • environments
  • Unchecked and
  • unplanned tourism growth

4
Sustainable tourism
  • UNTWO definition
  • Natural environment
  • Social and cultural environment
  • Economic environment
  • Participation of all relevant stakeholders
  • High level of tourist satisfaction
  • SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IS A CONCEPT!

5
Ecotourism
  • Ecotourism generally involves environmentally
    responsible travel of small groups to natural
    areas
  • Includes educational information
  • It also attempts to minimize negative impacts
    upon the natural, social and cultural environment
  • Provides for beneficially active socio-economic
    involvement of local populations

6
Ecotourism
  • Ecotourism in 21st Century
  • Term used unethically to
  • market various attractions, lodging,
    tours
  • Covers range of tourism experiences from hard to
    soft

7
5 Principles of Ecotourism
  • Tourism should blend with environment local
    culture
  • Tourist experience should evolve from local
    natural historical/cultural attractions
  • Local ownership management of services to keep
    economic benefits in destination
  • Use local materials for construction and local
    products for tourist needs
  • Use eco-techniques to conserve local resources

8
Ecotourism
  • Specific principles which distinguish it
  • from the wider concept of
  • sustainable tourism
  • Educational information
  • Intact natural environment
  • Independent travelers or
  • groups of small size

9
Tourism environments
10
The ecological environment
  • Ecological environment refers to
  • Natural
  • Cultural
  • Social attractions
  • Ecology definition
  • Boarder definition NATURAL, CULTURAL and SOCIAL
    environment.
  • Narrower definition NATURAL environment
    sometimes also BUILT PHYSICAL environment.

11
Ecological system
12
The economic environment
  • Tourist products the complete experience
    involved in traveling and staying.
  • Includes
  • goods and services consumed by tourists and
    especially produced for them
  • the attractions of a tourist destination
  • Measures Income, balance of payment, GDP,
    investment etc.

13
Economic system (traditionally)
Closed system that neglected interactions with
other systems
14
Source http//www.climatescience.gov/Library/stra
tplan2003/final/ccspstratplan2003-chap8.pdf
15
The socio-political environment
  • Environmental awareness
  • Formal and informal mechanisms for stimulating
    environmentally friendly behavior
  • Global Code of Ethics in Tourism (UNWTO)

16
Economics, Ecology, Tourism combinations. Why?
  • Tourism is motivated by ecological attractions
  • Quality of the ecological attractions is related
    with the economic viability of tourism
  • Protection of ecological environment leads to
    sustainable development

17
SUMMARY
  • Tourism as an economic activity is directly
    selling tourism products, that includes
  • - natural attractions / environment (indirect
    selling)
  • - cultural attractions / environment (indirect
    selling)
  • - social attractions / environment (indirect
    selling)
  • TOURISM MAINTAINS
  • AND DESTROYS
  • ATTRACTIONS/ENVIRONMENT

18
Tourism maintains the natural environment
  • Stimulates protection of natural environment
  • Brings financial resources for protection of
    natural attractions
  • Is an argument for reinstallation of degraded
    natural environment
  • Improves env. management, and planning and
    operations
  • Raises environmental awareness

19
Tourism maintains the cultural environment
  • Conservation of archieological and historic sites
  • Conservation and revitalisation of traditional
    arts, handicrafts, dance, music, drama, customs
    and ceremonies, dress and certain aspects of
    life-styles
  • Brings financial sources for conservation of
    cultural heritage, renewal of old cultural evens
  • Renews a cultural pride
  • Raises cultural awareness
  • Enables cross-cultural exchange

20
Tourism maintains the social environment
  • Tourism has positive impacts on life quality of
    local inhabitants, it brings new job places and
    cultural exchange
  • Impact on safety
  • Force for peace
  • Promotional effects

21
Discussion
  • Please state the destinations (from your own
    countries) in which tourism brought positive
    impacts to
  • Natural
  • Cultural and
  • Social environment.

22
Discussion
  • CAN TOURISM DESTROY THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT?
  • State some examples

23
Tourism damage in natural environment
  • water
  • air pollution
  • noise
  • visual pollution
  • littering of debris on the landscapes
  • sewage
  • ecological disruption
  • land degradation
  • environmental hazards
  • Loss of biological diversity, Depletion of ozone
    layer, Climate change

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Tourism damage in cultural environment
  • Commodification, overcommercialization and loss
    of authenticy of traditional arts and crafts,
    customs and ceremonies
  • Standardisation
  • Loss of authenticity and staged authenticity
  • Cultural deterioration
  • Cultural clashes

30
Tourism damage in social environment
  • Wish to imitate the life style of visitors
    (demonstration effect)
  • Dissatisfaction with traditional way of life
  • Hatred towards visitors, social stress,
    inequality
  • Crime, prostitution, alcohol, drugs
  • Effect on native language

31
Indicators if impact (Ryan, 1991)
  • The number of tourists
  • The type of tourists
  • The stage of tourist development
  • The differential in economic development between
    tourist-generating and tourist-receiving zones
  • The difference in cultural norms
  • The physical size of the area
  • The extent to which tourism is serviced by an
    immigrant working population
  • The degree to which incoming tourists purchase
    properties

32
Indicators if impact (Ryan, 1991)
  • The degree to which local people retain ownership
    of properties and tourist facilities
  • The attitudes of governmental bodies
  • The beliefs of host communities
  • The degree of exposure to other forces of
    technological, social and economic change
  • The policies adopted with respect to tourist
    dispersal
  • The marketing of the tourist destination
  • The homogeneity of the host society
  • The accessibility to the tourist destination
  • The original strength of artistic, folkloric
    practices, and the nature of those traditions

33
TOURISM ECONOMY
  • NEGATIVE IMPACTS
  • Leakages
  • High infrastructural costs
  • Inflation
  • Sesonal characteristics
  • Dependence on one economic activity
  • POSITIVE IMPACTS
  • Income (to whole and local economy)
  • Taxes
  • Employment
  • Infrastructure development

34
Economics, Ecology, Tourism - combinations
  • Traditional economics economic goods and
    economic processes.
  • Traditional ecology closed ecological system.
  • Ecological economic economics growth in the
    line with natural environment.
  • Tourism ecology - studies the relationships
    between tourism and its environment which is (in
    broader sense) natural, cultural and social.

35
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36
Discussion
  • How does economic, ecological and social
    environment influence on tourism development in
    your country?
  • How does tourism influence on the economic,
    ecological and social environment in your
    country?

37
References
  • Fennell, D. (2008) Ecotourism, Third edition.
    New York Routledge
  • Mihalic, T. (2006) Tourism and its Environments
    ecological, economic and political sustainability
    issues. Ljubljana Faculty of Economics,
    University of Ljubljana

38
  • Weissensee Natures playground

39
Location
  • Southwest of Carinthia
  • The surface area of the local community covers 78
    km2
  • Altitude of 930 to 2.100 metres.
  • Fjord-like Lake Weissensee, covers 6,6 km2.
  • Tourism has gradually become the mainstay of the
    local economy
  • Summer tourism is responsible for an overwhelming
    share (82 ) of the visitors.

40
Description
  • Weissensee Natures Playground was develped
    after all the economic, cultural and social
    problems of the region were analysed
  • Implementing a range of different measures

41
Project initiation and its authors
  • Initiative of the local tourist board and the
    community of Weissensee in co-operation with the
    population of Weissensee

42
Objectives and strategies
  • Tourism
  • Mountains and lakeside in an intact natural
    landscape together with the quality of tourism
    establishments
  • Expansion of the ski resort was rejected
  • Environmental quality and earnings situation on a
    sustainable basis
  • Environment
  • Preserving the landscape, and especially the
    typical character of the valley (forests,
    meadows, water)
  • A new zoning plan will restrict further building
    on the lakeshore
  • A ring-shaped sewage plant keeps the quality of
    the lake water at a level fit for drinking.
  • In 1992, Lake Weissensee was proclaimed the
    cleanest bathing lake in the Alpine region.

43
Problems and their solutions
  • Because of reduction in tourism in the
    neighbouring valleys the traffic problem was
    regarded with less attention
  • As a result local politicians were not motivated
    enough to find a solution to the traffic problem
    in Weissensee.
  • Special parking system and the introduction of
    shuttle buses to reduce traffic within the valley

44
Sustainability
  • Ban on motorboat traffic
  • Construction of a thoroughfare on the lakeshore
    prevented
  • Construction of a ring-type sewer plant
  • Land designated for development re-dedicated as
    open space

45
Project funding
  • Initially, the main hurdle with regard to solving
    the traffic problem was the public funding for
    the project.
  • The other projects were financed by public and
    tourism organizations

46
Results achieved
  • Winter tourism - expansion of the ski resort was
    rejected, ice-sports facilities built instead
  • A shuttle bus system has been installed.
  • A new parking system has been set in place.
  • Renewal of the construction of a thoroughfare
  • Nature Forum Weissensee
  • Ecological Land Cultivation Bonus
  • Land designated for building purposes
    re-dedicated as open space

Source WTO Sustainable Development of Tourism
A Compilation of Good Practices, 2000
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