First Activities in Acoustic Detection of Particles in UPV

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First Activities in Acoustic Detection of
Particles in UPV

• M. Ardid, J. Ramis, V. Espinosa, J.A.
  Martínez-Mora,
• F. Camarena, J. Alba, V. Sanchez-Morcillo
• Departament de Física Aplicada, E.P.S. Gandia,
  Universitat Politècnica de València

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Contents

• DISAO group
• Experience in acoustic fields and connections
  with neutrino detection
• First activities related to particle detection
• Design of piezoelectric transducers
• Characterization and calibration of hydrophones
• Simulation of the propagation of the signal in
  the sea
• Conclusions and future

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DISAO group
14 researchers working in (3 of them with Ph.D.
in experimental particle physics)

• ULTRASOUNDS TRANSDUCTION
• Non-destructive analysis (fruits, leakages)
  Materials
• Positioning Vibroacoustics, holography
• Biomass in fisheries Piezoelectrics
• Neutrino detection Difussors, room
  acoustics
• Thermoacoustic Model Quality of
  sound
• Intense beams Noise mapping
• NON-LINEAR ACOUSTICS PSYCHOACOUSTICS

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DISAO group
14 researchers working in

• ULTRASOUNDS
• TRANSDUCTION
• NON-LINEAR ACOUSTICS
• PSYCHOACOUSTICS

Non-destructive analysis
Materials
Holography
Positioning
Piezoelectrics
Biomass in fisheries
NEUTRINO DETECTION
Vibroacoustics
Thermoacoustic model
Diffusors
Room acoustics
Intense beams
Quality of sound
Noise mapping
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Connections with neutrino detection

• Transducers of ultrasounds
• Example of application Non-destructive analysis
  of fruits

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Connections with neutrino detection

• Studies in the sea
• Example of application study of biomass in
  fisheries

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Connections with neutrino detection

• Non-linear acoustics

Intense beams
Thermoacoustic resonator
Self-trapped states of sound
Self-organization of sound
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First activities related to neutrino detection
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Design of piezoelectrics transducers

• Software based on the localized constants method
  using the modified KLM model, R. Krimholtz et
  al., Electronic Letters 6 (1970)

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Design of piezoelectrics transducers

• Simulation of the whole transducer (not only the
  piezoelectric)

Friendly interface
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Design of piezoelectrics transducers
Excitation Response in Time and Frequency
Emitting and Receiving Transfer Functions

• Results

Input acoustic impedance
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Design of piezoelectrics transducers

• Next steps
• Exhaustive comparison between simulation and
  experimental results
• Comparison of the results with finite element
  methods
• Include piezoelectrics with different geometries
  (not only discs/cylinders)
• Upgrade the model including more effects by using
  secondary circuits
• Use it, to design the best piezoelectrics sensors
  for acoustic detection of neutrinos
• Future
• Include the improved model in the simulation
  package for acoustic detection of neutrinos

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Characterization and calibration of hydrophones

• The calibration of hydrophones in the lab is not
  an easy task
• There are reflections, diffraction, etc, which
  could affect well-known methods of calibration
  like the reciprocity method.
• We are working in designing a method for
  hydrophone calibration

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Characterization and calibration of hydrophones

• MLS (Maximum Length Sequence) signal
• Pseudo-random signal, analogical version of
  digital sequence consisting of values 1 and -1.
• Periodic with the period T2N - 1, where N is the
  "order of the sequence", and has a flat frequency
  distribution.
• Circular autocorrelation provides a delta
  function

MLS order 6
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Characterization and calibration of hydrophones

• Time and frequency response of the system (two
  hydrophones tank) using the MLS signal
• knowing the response of two elements, we could
  know the third one

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Characterization and calibration of hydrophones

• Next steps
• Learn more about the different effects involved
  in acoustic calibration of hydrophones
• Study the calibration with different signals
  (short signals with few pulses, white noise,
  continuous waves, sweep signal, MLS)
• Improve the conditions of measurement and
  calibration of the lab building an anechoic tank
• Design a trustful system of calibration in the
  lab
• Look for a good and simple neutrino signal
  for calibration
• Future
• Design and characterize different sensors for
  neutrino detection
• Design a trustful system of calibration in
  neutrino detection sites

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Simulation of the propagation of the signal in
the sea

• Since recently we are using The Acoustic ToolBox,
  which includes four acoustic models
• BELLHOP A beam/ray trace code
• KRAKEN A normal mode code
• SCOOTER A finite element FFP code
• SPARC A time domain FFP code
• We show the application of this code to learn
  about the contribution of the sea surface noise
  to the deep-water noise in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Simulation of the propagation of the signal in
the sea

• BELLHOP beam/ray tracing. The rays with small
  angles of emission are curved and do not reach
  the deep sea.

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Simulation of the propagation of the signal in
the sea

• Transmission loss for the propagation of sound in
  the Mediterranean Sea for a source in the surface
  and measuring in the sea floor for different
  depths given by the normal mode code KRAKEN.

f 1 kHz
f 15 kHz, no absorp. in water
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Simulation of the propagation of the signal in
the sea

• Next steps
• Learn more about acoustical oceanography codes
• Include some effects, which are not taken yet
  into consideration
• Use the parameters of possible neutrino detector
  sites (if available)
• Compare the results with other simulation
  packages and validate them
• Upgrade the model for acoustic neutrino detection
  purposes.
• Future
• Include the improved model in the simulation
  package for acoustic detection of neutrinos
• Use it for the inverse problem, neutrino source
  location

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Conclusions and Future

• Conclusions
• We have started to work in some aspects of
  acoustic neutrino detection design of
  piezoelectric transducers, calibration of
  hydrophones and propagation of acoustic signal in
  the sea, reaching some results but knowing that
  there is a long way still.
• We have seen that we can apply knowledge from
  different acoustic fields to the neutrino
  detection problem
• Therefore, multidisciplinary collaboration of
  acoustic and particle physics people is
  encouraged
• Future
• To consolidate this line of research in our group
• To participate in an international collaboration
  which faces this complex problem in an organised
  and efficient way.