Title: Chapter 2 Classical Civilization: China
1Chapter 2- Classical Civilization China
- Three dynastic cycles Zhou, Qin and Han
- Dynasty family of kings
- As ruling dynasty began to falter, usually
another one arose and the pattern started anew - Symbiosis -
2Yellow River Civilization
3The 4 Old-World River Valley Cultures
- Sedentary agriculture, metal tools replaced stone
- Domesticated animals, surpluses, rising
population, specialization of occupation
4Shang Dynasty 1766-1027 BCE
- Northern China
- Ideographic symbols -elaborate written language
- Isolated from other ancient civilizations
5Bronze Age Empires
6Shang 1523-1028 BCE
7Oracle Bones
8Oracle Bones Calendar
9The Evolution of ChineseWriting during the Shang
Pictographs
Semantic-Phonetics Written Language
10ShangUrn
11Zhou Dynasty 1027 - 256 BCE
- Replaced the Shang First of Chinese classical
civilizations. - Ruled through alliances
- Promoted standard Mandarin Language
- Family of king dynasty
- Spoken language
- Life of Confucius
12River Valley Civilization
13Patterns in Classical China
- Zhou 1122-256 B.C.E. Ruled through
alliances with regional Princes. Extended
territory to Yangzi River and promoted standard
Mandarin Chinese language. - Chinas feudal period
- Extended the territory
- Middle Kingdom Chinas core rich land
between Huanghe to Yangtze wheat and rice
growing - Mandate of Heaven justification for Chinese
imperial rule Sons of Heavens rule of the
emperors
The Yellow River or Huang He, received it name
River of Sorrow because it often flooded and
destroyed crops due to loess
14The Mandate of Heaven
- The leader must lead by ability and virtue.
- The dynasty's leadership must be justified by
succeeding generations. - The mandate could be revoked by negligence and
abuse the will of the people was important. - The Chinese later expanded this idea to explain
the dynastic cycle, when ruler became weak or
corrupt, Heaven withdrew its Mandate and gave it
to another ruler.
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16- Yangtze River along with the Yellow River
Valley, supported the people of the early Chinese
civilizations - Mandarin Chinese standard largest group of
people speaking the same language - Zhou first to use chopsticks
Long distances and physical barriers isolated
China from other ancient civilization, leading
the Chinese to believe that China was the center
of the world and the sole source of civilization
17- Warring States 402-201 B.C.E. period when the
Zhou system disintegrated - Confucius Born at end of Zhou dynasty 5th c.
- Qin dynasty arose
- Qin Shi Huangdi First emperor characterized by
centralizations of state rule elimination of
local and regional competitors,
Yangzi River Valley
- Expanded boundaries of China to include Hong Kong
- The Great Wall of China was built in this era
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19Terra Cotta Warriors During Qin Dynasty
Legalism Philosophy that gained ground during
the Zhu and was dominant during the Qin dynasty
which was rooted in the belief that laws should
replace morality and a ruler must provide
discipline to maintain order
20Calligraphy
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22Terra-Cotta Army
23- Shi Huangdi Chinas First Emperor who gave
that country its name. under his brutal rule,
Hong Kong was annexed and the Great Wall of China
was built. (over 3000 miles) - National census increases tax revenues
- Written script uniform
- Single basic language
- Silk cloth
- Book burning
- Cruel dictator
During the Zhou and Shang periods, the Chinese
made remarkable achievements in astronomy and
bronze work,
24- Confucius, China most influential philosopher,
taught that harmony resulted when people accepted
their place in society. - Confucianism Stressed the values of filial
piety, loyalty to superiors and respect for
inferiors, honesty, hard work, and concern for
ethics. - Confucius, a.k.a. Kung Fuzi c. 551-478 B.C.E.
Chinese philosopher who wrote an elaborate
political philosophy that became the core of
Chinas cultural and political thinking for
centuries. Those who adopted his teachings saw
him not as a deity bust as a master of ethics.
Confucius
25- Moderation in behavior
- Reverence for tradition
- Ancestor worship
- Analects book written by followers of Confucius
Confucius
26- The Han dynasty (202-B.C.E. 220 C.E.)
Followed the Qin dynasty (Chinese considered
themselves - People of the Han - Era generally characterized by stability,
prosperity, and peace. Contemporary often
compared to the Roman Empire. - Han Rulers strengthened Chins government,
expanded Chinas borders and Influenced and
opened up the Silk Road, a major trade route that
would link China and the west for centuries.
27- Wu Ti greatest Han emperor - Civil Service
tests - China largest political system in the world
- Chinese bureaucracy lasted from the Han period
until the 20th century - Encouraged the worship of Confucian as a god.
- Confucius was not a religious leader
Zhou, Qin and Han Chinese Classical Period
28Han Dynasty
- Accomplishments
- 1. Silk Road
- 2. Public Schools
- 3. Paper
- 4. Pulley and Lever
- Most Chinese today call themselves
Han people
29The Great Wall started during the Qin dynasty
- The Han period was one of the golden ages of
Chinese civilization with tremendous advances in
the sciences, astronomy, technology, medicine and
the arts. - Paper was invented
- Ox-drawn plows and new collar
- Pulleys and winding gear
30Religion and Culture
- Role of education achieve social ends
- Confucianism ethical system based on
relationships and personal virtue, predominant
philosophy - Legalism countered Confucianism authoritarian
state and harsh rule - Daoism harmony with nature and humble living.
Laozi was Daoism founder - Art decorative, carved jade and ivory, silk
screens, calligraphy - Science/math Astronomy important
31Economy and Society
- Economy focused on agriculture
- Sharp class division existed
- a. landowning aristocracy and educated
bureaucrats - b. Laboring masses, peasants
- c. Mean People unskilled labor
- Extensive internal trade
- Social China tight family structure was valued
- A. Hierarchical
- B. Deferential
- C. Patriarchal
32Chinese Civilization Fits Together
- Politics and culture meshed around Confucian
bureaucracy - Economic innovation emphasis on order and
stability and family structure - Little outside contact Large island of
civilization (China), surrounded by barbarians
with nothing to offer - Divergence in philosophies of Confucianism,
Daoism and eventually Buddhism. - Synthesis of Chinese life accounts for durability
33- Global Connections Classical China and the World
- Longest lasting in world history
- Best-run bureaucracy and technologies
- Source of the worlds largest trade network, the
Silk Road. - Silk Road networks provided the framework for
later global trading patterns
34- Silk Road The most famous of the trading routes
established by pastoral nomads connecting the
Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean
civilizations transmitted goods and ideas among
civilizations.
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36Yellow Mountains
Patriarchalism ideas that social organization
should be ordered with the male as the head of
the family and institutions.
37Cultural Diffusion