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Pilot project New Approaches in Technology
Training Development and Integration of
European Modules in Technology Education
Contract no TR/05/B/F/PP 178 009 Project
co-financed by the European Commission LEONARDO
DA VINCI Second Phase
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The educational system in Greece is significantly
different from that in other European countries
for reasons related to the philosophy and
structure of education, its social function and
its role in the economy. The Greek educational
and training system includes general education
(primary, secondary and tertiary level),
technical vocational education (secondary and
tertiary level) and vocational training (initial,
continuing).
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Technical vocational training and education in
Greece operates in a purely supplemental manner
to general education according to the structure
of the Greek economy and the characteristics of
employment, as well as to the social-cultural
standards of the country, while the part of
informal education covers the gap between formal
education and the needs of the labour market.
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The first attempts to modern educational reform
date back to the 1976 laws on education of the
New Democratic Party (NDP), which, in a way,
continued what began in 1963 as a mild period of
changes, and had abruptly been brought to a halt
by the 1967-1973 military junta. The basis of
this reform was the introduction and use of the
spoken language in all levels of education and
the expression of a political will for renewal
and modernisation.
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These new laws and regulations basically sought
to provide a better education, on the primary and
secondary levels of general and technical
education, and develop a more efficient manpower
force in view of the coming integration of Greek
society to the European Union.
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These new laws and regulations basically sought
to provide a better education, on the primary and
secondary levels of general and technical
education, and develop a more efficient manpower
force in view of the coming integration of Greek
society to the European Union.
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After 1981 we have a new attempt to reform the
education system. During the 1982-1985 period
previous reform at the primary and secondary
level was completed with minor changes while,
most important, the first structural changes in
higher education since the 1930s were introduced.
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The Greek education is divided to three levels,
primary, secondary and higher education. The
primary is for students of six to twelve years
and the secondary for years twelve to eighteen.
Secondary education, in the past (1976-1998), was
divided into two cycles, the Lower High School or
Gymnasium (ages 12-15) and the Upper High School
or Lyceum (ages 15-18). The latter was
distinguished up into three types, the General,
the Technical-Vocational and the
Multidisciplinary Lyceum.
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The role of the General Lyceum had basically been
to prepare students for the entrance examinations
to state universities, the role of the
Technical-Vocational was to prepare students for
professional life and the Multidisciplinary
Lyceum had to combine general education with
modern technological knowledge and skills. In
1997 the Unified Lyceum was set up under the
educational reform by Act 2525/1997 and replaces
the old-style Lyceum.
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Education 2000 Act 2525/97
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Secondary Education
Provided by Gymnasium and Post-compulsory
Secondary Education which is provided by Unified
(Eniaio) Lyceum and Technical Vocational Schools
(TEE).
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Secondary Education
Provided by Gymnasium and Post-compulsory
Secondary Education which is provided by Unified
(Eniaio) Lyceum and Technical Vocational Schools
(TEE).
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Secondary Education
Pupils leaving the Gymnasiums are given a leaving
certificate which entitles them to move on to
higher-level secondary education. Besides,
Gymnasium leavers of over 18 years of age may
enrol at Vocational Training Institute (IEK)
departments in certain specialisations, where
they study for two semesters and obtain
Vocational Training Certificate Level 1.
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Vocational Training Institute (IEK)
IEK offer formal vocational training and
education of unclassified level (neither higher
nor university level) in 110 different
spesialisations in 14 basic occupational sectors.
Overall, there are 138 Vocational Training
Institutes (IEK) managed by the Organisation for
Vocational Education and Training (OEEK), 34
Vocational Training Institutes managed by the
Labor Force Employment Organisation (OAED), and
41 private IEK which are supervised by the OEEK.
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Technical Vocational Schools (TEEs)
Technical Vocational Schools (TEEs) (Level 3) are
attached to the Ministry of National Education of
Religious Affairs, although some are supervised
by other Ministries and some by the Greek
Manpower Employment Organization (OAED). Pursuant
to Act 2640/1998, their objective is to provide
both general education and specialist technical
and vocational skills to prepare pupils for the
labour market.
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Technical Vocational Schools (TEEs)
Besides day schools there are also evening TEEs
for workers aged up to 50 who wish to improve
their job prospects. The applicants are accepted
without examination but must possess either a
Gymnasium leaving certificate or an equivalent
certificate issued abroad. Studies at the TEEs
last up to three years and consist of two
independent cycles covering specific fields and
specializations. Cycle 1 lasts two years and
Cycle 2 lasts one year, while in the evening TEEs
an extra year is added to Cycle 1 and six months
to Cycle 2.
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Technical Vocational Schools (TEEs) Educational
curricula
Mechanical engineering Electronics Electrician
Applied Arts Textile and Clothing Construction
Agricultural Production, Food and Environment
Chemistry Laboratory Applications Maritime and
Shipping Occupations Information Science and
Networks
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Tertiary Technological Education in Greece
The higher education in Greece has been based on
a differentiated system of two parallel sectors
the University sector which includes Universities
Polytechnics and The School of Fine Arts and the
Technological sector, which includes the
Technological Educational Institutions. The
institutions of these two sectors, work
complementary having different and challenging
missions. The main work of the Technological
sector is in regionally oriented applied research
and in degree programmes which offer vocational
oriented knowledge.
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Tertiary Technological Education in Greece
Higher Education in Greece is based on article 16
of the Greek Constitution, legally effective
since 1975. In 1982 a major reform took place
through Frame Law 1268, concerning universities.
In 1983, Law 1404 established the Technological
Educational Institutions. A significant number of
laws followed since then, aiming at improving,
supplementing and modifying the aforementioned
laws in areas of major or less major importance.
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Tertiary Technological Education in Greece
Law 2916 provided that higher education in Greece
consists of two sectors, the University and the
Technological. The university sector includes
twenty Universities, both multidisciplinary ones
and specialised ones. The technological sector
includes fourteen Technological Educational
Institutions and the School of Pedagogical and
Technical Education.
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Table 1 Total of Higher Education in Greece (1993
2002)
Total of Higher Education in Greece (1993 2002)
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Table 1 Total of Higher Education in Greece (1993
2002)
Total of Higher Education in Greece (1993 2002)
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Table 1 Total of Higher Education in Greece (1993
2002)
Distribution of Students in Higher Education in
general
Source Ministry of National Education and
Religious Affairs
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Tertiary Technological Education in Greece
The academic year in the Greek universities is
organised on a two-semester basis. The courses of
the undergraduate study programmes are therefore
organised on a semester-basis too. Each faculty
offers the corresponding graduate degree.
Furthermore, a graduate degree may hold distinct
specialisation, if this is allowed or imposed
from the discipline of the corresponding faculty.
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Tertiary Technological Education in Greece
The responsibility for undergraduate study
programmes lies with the faculties, without any
kind of interference or control either at
institutional level or at governmental level.
This responsibility concerns the curriculum,
credit units and distribution of teaching load as
well.
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Universities
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Technological Education Institutes in Greece
Under Law 2916/2001, the Technological Education
Institutes (TEI) are incorporated in Higher
Education. This development has prompted on the
one hand, the operation of post-graduate
programmes in the Higher Technological Institutes
(former TEI) and on the other, the establishment
of Centres for technological research.
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Technological Education Institutes in Greece
The higher technological Institutions (T.E.I.) in
Greece founded to cover the gap between the
theoretical knowledge offered by Universities and
the need for more applied knowledge and
acquisition of specific skills the market needed.
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Technological Education Institutes in Greece
A model of a short period of studies (3 to 3,5
academic years) was adopted, flexible programmes
of studies were sketched, compulsory work
placement was introduced during the last
semester, so students can know from inside the
direct and real needs of private firms and
organizations, and were established institutions
to facilitate the approach of the two poles of
the labor market firms and employees.
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Technological Education Institutes in Greece

• Technological Educational Institutions emphasise
  high quality technological education
• Linking between knowledge and application,
  further developing the applied spectrum of Arts
  and Sciences
• Conveying, utilising and developing modern
  technology, as well as methods, practices and
  techniques.

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Technological Education Institutes in Greece
Students entering Technological Educational
Institutions (TEI) per Field of Study (2002-03)
Source Ministry of National Education and
Religious Affairs
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Technological Educational Institutions
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Vocational Training Centers
Centres for Vocational Training (KEK) are private
sector bodies (for-profit or not-for-profit) or
public bodies providing continuing training which
have received positive evaluation and have been
certified by the National Accreditation Centre
(EKEPIS) and have secured financing from national
(Ministry of Labour) and community resources
(European Social Fund and European Regional
Development Fund).
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Vocational Training Centers
The KEK plan, organise and run continuing
vocational training courses for employees and the
unemployed, graduates from all levels of
education, in various subject areas. For
2001-2003 283 continuing vocational training
bodies have been certified which have 35,000
training positions in 577 centres throughout the
entire country.
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Vocational Training Centers
The majority of KEK are in the private sector.
Moreover, 36 specialised Social and Vocational
Integration Centres have been certified for
disabled people (Decision No. 110466/11-2-2002 of
the Minister of Labour Social Affairs) and 4
for drug users and former drug users (Decision
No. 25852/13-1-2001 of the Minister of Labour
Social Affairs). These 40 specialised centres are
primarily run by welfare organisations.
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Vocational Training Centers
Reasons why individuals (aged 15) attend
education of vocational training courses
Source ESYE, Survey of Workforce, 2nd Quarter
2002
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CVT GEORGIKI ANAPTIXI
111 Socratous Str, 413 36 Larissa - Greece Tel
(30) 2 410 553 203 Fax [phone]
075 e-mail keklar_at_geo.edu.gr Web
http//www.geoan.gr
Thank you very much
for your attention !!!!!!!!.
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