The Nervous System

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The Nervous System

• By Fazila Hussain
• Endi Sabanagic
• Amanda Martensen

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Parts of the Brain

• Brain stem- It connects the spinal cord to the
  forebrain and cerebrum.
• Thalamus- It relays sensory impulses to the
  cerebral cortex.
• Spinal Cord- it extends from the medulla
  oblongata through the spinal column and from
  which the spinal nerves branch off to various
  parts of the body.
• Limbic System- in the brain it is involved in
  emotional behaviorCerebellum- It is responsible
  for the regulation and coordination of complex
  voluntary muscular movement as well as the
  maintenance of posture and balance.
• Midbrain- It develops from the middle section of
  the embryonic brain
• Medulla- It forms a medullary sheath around the
  axis cylinder of some nerve fibers.

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Parts of the Nervous System

• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Somatic Division
• Automatic Division

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Synapse

• At a synapse, a slender terminal fiber from a
  neutron reaches out to make contact with another
  cell. If a nerve impulse flashes along the
  fiber, it makes the synapse release a chemical
  called a neurotransmitter. In less than
  one-thousandth of a second, this travels across a
  tiny gap between the two cells and triggers the
  second cell to respond.

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Reflex

• Reflexes are triggered by simple nervous
  pathways. A stimulus such as pain, is picked up
  by a sensory nerve and then flashed to the spinal
  cord, or to the lower part of the brain. A motor
  signal travels back, making part of the body
  respond.

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One Problem/diseases of the Nervous System

• Disease- intestinal disorders and headaches it
  happens when the nervous system is unwittngly
  trained to respond incorrectly to stress.
• Treatment-Train people with certain disorder to
  get well. The mennger foundation, for example
  its still used to help migraine patients, but
  such programs remain the exception.
• Prevention- Dont take to much stress so that you
  get headaches.

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One drug and its effect on the Nervous System

• Cocaine it can cause a severe damage to the
  nervous system. It can also cause reduced
  fatigue, increased mental clarity, and a rush of
  energy.

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Brain

• The portion of the vertebrate central nervous
  system that is enclosed within the cranium,
  continues with the spinal cord and composed of
  gray and white matter. The primary center for the
  regulation and controls of body activities,
  receiving and transmitting information to the
  muscles and body organs. The seat of
  consciousness through the memory, and emotion.

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Spinal cord

• The thick whitish cord of nerve tissue that
  extends from the medulla oblongata doen through
  the spinal column and from which the spinal
  nerves branch off.

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Cerebellum

• The trilobite structure of the brain, lying
  posterior of the pans and medulla oblongata and
  inferior to the occipital lobes of the cerebral
  hemisphere, that is responsible for the
  regulation and coordination of complex voluntary
  muscular movement as well as the maintains of
  posture and balance.

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Cerebrum

• The large round structure of the brain occupying
  most of the cranial cavity, divided into two
  cerebral hemisphere that are joined at the bottom
  by the corps callosum. Controls and integrates
  motor, sensory, and higher mental functions, such
  as though, reasons, emotion and memory.

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Medulla Oblongata

• The lower most portion of the vertebra brain,
  continues with the spinal cord, responsible for
  the control of respiration, circulation, and
  certain other bodily functions.

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Hypothalamus

• The part of the brain that lies below the
  thalamus. Forming the major portion of the
  ventral region of the diencephalons and
  functioning to regulate bodily temperature,
  certain metabolic process, and other autonomic
  activities.

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Thalamus

• A large ovoid of gray matter situated is the
  posterior part of the forebrain that relays
  sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

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White matter

• Whitish nerves tissue, especially of the brain
  and spinal cord, consisting of myelinated nerve
  fibers.

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Gray matter

• Brownish-gray nerve tissue, especially of the
  brain and spinal cord , composed of nerve cell
  bodies and their dent rites and some supportive
  tissues.

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Central Nervous System

• The portion of the vertebrate nervous system
  consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

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Peripheral Nervous System

• The part of the vertebrate nervous system
  consisting the nerves outside the central nervous
  system and including the cranial nerves, spinal
  nerves, and sympathetic and parasympathetic
  nervous system.

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Somatic Nervous System

• Part of the Peripheral Nervous System associated
  with the voluntary control of body movements
  through action of the skeletal muscles.
  Responsible for muscle contraction.

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Autonomic Nervous System

• The part of the vertebrate nervous system that
  regulates involuntary action, as of the
  intestines, heart, and glands, and that is
  divided into the sympathetic nervous system and
  the parasympathetic nervous system.

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Neuron

• Any of the impulse-conducting cells that
  constitute the brain, spinal column, and nerves,
  consisting of a nucleated cell body with one or
  more dendrites and a single axon. Also called
  nerve cell.

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Sensory Neuron

• A neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain
  or spinal cord.

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Motor Neuron

• A neuron that conveys impulses from the central
  nervous system to a muscle gland, or the other
  effect or tissue.

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Interneuron

• A nerve cell found entirely within the central
  nervous system that acts as a link between
  sensory neurons and motor neurons.

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Hypothalamus

• The part of the brain that lies below the
  thalamus, forming the major portion of the
  ventral region of the diencephalon and
  functioning to regulate bodily temperature,
  certain metabolic processes, and other autonomic
  activities.

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Axon

• Also called a nerve fiber, this is the long tail
  of a neuron that carriers nerve impulses away
  from its cell bodys.

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Dendrite

• Short filament that carriers nerve impulses to
  the cell body of a neuron.

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Nerve Impulse

• Tiny electrical signal that passes along a neuron
  (nerve cell) at high speed.

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Nerve

• Cabelike bundle of neurons (nerve cell) that
  relays nerve impulses between the body and
  central nerve system.

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Receptor

• Special cells or neurons that detect stimuli such
  as light and trigger sensory neurons.

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Synapse

• Junction between two neurons in which they do not
  touch but come very close to each other.