b.

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Moons of Jupiter total of 63 confirmed!
a.
b.
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Inner moons closer to Jupiter than Io
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Amalthea
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Jupiters Galilean Satellites Worlds of their
own!
Io
Europa
Ganymede
Callisto
To Jupiter
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Sizes of some of the Galilean satellites of
Jupiter
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Jupiters moon Io, volcanologically the most
active body in our Solar System. 1.) Color -
sulfur! 2.) Albedo - 63 3.) No impact
craters - fresh surface 4.) Recent lava flows
5.) Numerous calderas 6.) Numerous active
volcanoes, spewing out sulfur and silicate lava
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Io
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Voyagers discovery of active volcanic plumes on
Io
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Views of Pele Plume 1,300 km wide 600 km high
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Plumes seen on limb and as shadows on surface
Limb view
Plume shadow
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Long lava flows at Ra Patera gt 100 km long
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Lava flows on Io
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Examples of lava lakes at Kilauea, 1988
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Where does the heat come from on Io? Tidal
heating from Jupiter, Europa and Ganymede
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Interior of Io density 3.55 gm/cc
Iron-rich core
Molten interior
Thin silicate crust
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Jupiters Galilean Satellites Worlds of their
own!
Io
Europa
Ganymede
Callisto
To Jupiter
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Europa 3,138 km diameter density 3.04 gm/cc
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Ideas for a frozen interior for Europa
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Ideas for a liquid interior for Europa
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How do we get heat into the interior of Europa?

• Tidal heating. Europa is tugged towards Jupiter,
  but is also pulled away from Jupiter by Io,
  Ganymede and Callisto.
• Without tidal heating, Europa would look like
  Callisto.

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Colored bands fractures in ice crust
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Multiple periods of fracturing
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Topography of fractures on Europa
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Some craters are found on Europa but very young!
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Icebergs on Europa suggest thin (5 20 km)
crust
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If there is volcanism on Europa, ice may be thin,
so..
Tube worms on Earths ocean floor hint that
similar life could evolve on Europa without
sunlight
Model of hot interior of Europa
Black smokers on Earth
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Ganymede 5,262 km diameter density 1.94 gm/cc
(Mercury diameter 4,880 km)
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Light and dark terrain on Ganymede long
geologic history
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Grooves on Ganymede signs of surface movement
similar to plate tectonics on Earth?
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Grooved Terrain on Ganymede
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Signs of comet impacts? Chains of craters with
ejecta
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Magnetometer data give clue to interior of
Ganymede
Liquid water
Iron core
Silicate lower mantle
Ice crust
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Callisto Diameter 4,800 km, density 1.86 gm/cc
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Thousands of craters at all scales on Callisto
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Valhalla basin - 600 km in diameter
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Details of a ring of Valhalla Basin
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Magnetometer data give clue to interior of
Callisto
Solid rock-ice
Ice-rich outer layer
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Relative ages of the surfaces of the Galilean
Satellites From left to right, from young to old.