Nosocomial Antibiotic Resistant

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Nosocomial Antibiotic Resistant Organisms
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Methicillin is an antibiotic related to
penicillin. It is used to treat infections
caused by bacteria carrying an antibiotic
resistance usually staphylococci.
Methicillin is deactivated by gastric acid and
therefore must be given by injection.
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MRSA Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus Aureus This bacteria
(Staphylococcus Aureus) is resistant to most
antibiotics including Methicillin! It is also
found in most health care facilities.
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MRSA is not a threat to a healthy
individual. However, it is difficult to contain
and easily spread therefore is can be
devastating in a health care facility.
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• Those people at risk for MRSA are those who have
  the following risk factors
• Surgery
• Devices used in invasive procedures
• Burn wards or intensive care units (ICU)
• Age (elderly are more susceptible)
• Treatment with multiple antibiotics
• Severe illness or disability

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• Prolonged or repeated hospital stays
• Compromised immune system
• MRSA is transmitted through direct contact
  between health-care workers and clients. MRSA is
  not usually spread through the air.
• Health care workers are the main carriers of
  MRSA! (colonized vs. infected)

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• Symptoms of a MRSA infection include
• Drainage from a wound
• Fever and chills
• Elevated white blood cell count

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• Common sites of infection with MRSA include
• Respiratory Tract
• Surgical wounds
• Perineum or rectum
• Skin

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• Preventing the spread of MRSA is accomplished by
• Proper hand washing
• a. Before caring for each client
• b. After removing gloves
• c. Before leaving the clients room
• 2. Following facility protocol for standard
  precautions

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• Vancomycin is often referred to as the antibiotic
  of last resort.
• There are two main concerns about using
  Vancomycin
• The development of Vancomycin resistant organisms
  
• Producing Vancomycin on an industrial scale.

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VRE Vancomycin resistant enterococcus VRE is
hard to treat and can pass on their
drug-resistant genes to other organisms.
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• Those people who are at risk for VRE are those
  with the following risk factors
• Severe illness
• Treatment with multiple antibiotics
• Abdominal or cardiac surgery
• Devices used in invasive procdures
• Age
• ICU
• Prolonged or repeated hospital stays
• Compromised immune system

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• VRE is opportunistic. It is transmitted between
  clients and health-care workers. (colonized vs.
  infected)
• Signs of a VRE infection are
• Drainage from a wound
• Fever and chills
• Elevated white blood cell count

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• The spread of VRE can be prevented by
• Proper handwashing
• a. Before caring for a patient
• b. After removing gloves
• c. Before leaving a patients room
• 2. Follow facility protocol for standard
  precautions