Implementation of standards using Web technologies

1
Implementation of standards using Web technologies

• David Leal
• david.leal_at_caesarsystems.co.uk

2
Semantic Web technologies

• RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• making statements on the Web
• http//www.w3.org/RDF/
• N3 (Notation 3)
• a simple way of writing down an RDF statement
• http//www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/

An opportunity to

• record information more simply
• enable others to use our concepts
• use the concepts of others

3
Cool URIs for the Semantic Web

• How it can work
• an overview of how to use HTML and RDF together
• http//www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/

A key document

• latest version 31st March 2008

4
Getting started
RDF diagram
Janet
John
loves
Jane believes
5
Getting started
namespaces
_at_prefix people lthttp//www.friends-are-u
s.com/registry/gt . _at_prefix relationships
lthttp//www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabul
arygt .
peopleJanet relationshiploves
peopleJohn .
6
Getting started
namespaces
_at_prefix people lthttp//www.friends-are-u
s.com/registry/gt . _at_prefix relationships
lthttp//www.institute-of_relationships.org/vocabul
arygt .
peopleJane truthbelieves

peopleJanet relationshiploves
peopleJohn .
7
Using emerging technologies

• Identifying things by HTTP URIs
• getting data about them by dereferencing
• Data as RDF statements
• readable RDF as N3
• a little bit of formality from OWL
• The importance of standard RDF vocabularies
• This is what will make it work
• This is our task

8
About URIs

• a URI is just a string of characters
• They are unique identifiers for things, which are
  used on the web
• A thing can have more than one URI, but a URI
  identifies only one thing
• HTTP URI
• formerly called a URL
• The use of an HTTP URI implies that an HTTP
  (HyperText Transfer Protocol) access, e.g. from a
  browser, is valid
• But you may be disappointed and get error 404
  no answer was the stern reply
• a URN
• A URI which does not imply any form of access
• used by some organisations e.g. ISO, ISBN
• urnisostdiso15926-2

The Web is based upon HTTP URIs dont worry
about URNs
9
What a URI identifies
Uniform Resource Identifier

• a web page
• http//www.iom3.org/index.htm
• You can open it with your browser data is
  downloaded
• You can follow links to other web pages
• an object
• http//www.iom3.org
• This is the organisation Institute of Materials,
  Minerals and Mining
• It has a Royal Charter it cannot be downloaded
  to a browser
• a formula
• http//www.iom3.org/formula.n3
• This is a computer interpretable file of RDF
  statements about the IoM3
• It can be process by Semantic Web browser or by
  an application

10
Dereferencing a URI
dereferencing means attempting to get some
data. You can only dereference an HTTP URI.

• If the URI identifies a web page you get it
• If the URI identifies an RDF formula you get it
• It the URI identifies an object ....
• The object could be the Eiffel Tower, or the
  Institute of Materials neither can be
  downloaded to your browser
• either you get nothing (error 404), or you are
  redirected to a representation

access to http//www.iom3.org is redirected to
http//www.iom3.org/index.htm
11
A webpage
http//www.iom3.org/index.htm
The IoM3 has not implemented this yet
click to view the formula
12
A formula
engineering institution
type
Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining
title
http//www.iom3.org
44 20 7451 7300
telephone
webpage
http//www.iom3.org/index.htm
organiser
Materials Congress 2008
title
http//www.iom3.org/congress-2008
webpage
http//www.iom3.org/congress-2008/index.htm
13
Clever browsers
http//www.iom3.org/formula.rdf - Mozilla Firefox

http//www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
http//www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
http//www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
http//www.iom3.org/index.htm
Is organiser of
2008
14
Suppose you want a formula

• Usually redirection takes you to an HTML web page
• This is good, because a person may need to know
  what a URI identifies the web page can tell him
  or her
• If an application want the formula, then there
  are two options
• content negotiation the HTTP protocol allows
  the GET request to specify the required format
  RDF can be specified
• link from the HTML file this is hidden in the
  header and is used by applications when required

15
Suppose you want a formula
http//www.iom3.org/index.htm
lthtmlgt ltheadgt lttitlegtIOM3 - Institute of
Materials, Minerals and Mininglt/titlegt ltlink
rel"alternate" type"application/rdfxml"
title"RDF Representation"
href"http//www.iom3.org/formula.rdf" /gt ltmeta
name"description" content"Institute of
Materials, Minerals and Mining/gt ltmeta
name"keywords" content"IOM3, IOM, IMM,
materials, world, academy, profession, science,
engineering, metals, ceramics, polymers, glass,
rubber, minerals, mining, plastics, institute,
careers, jobs, journals, education"/gt ......
link to the formula
16
Suppose you want a formula
http//www.iom3.org/formula.rdf
lthttp//www.iom3.orggt a
eng-sciEngineeringInstitution dctitle
"Institute of Materials, Minerals and
Mining" conphone lttel44 20
7451 7300gt foafwebpage
lthttp//www.iom3.org/index.htmgt
. lthttp//www.iom3.org/congress-2008gt a
eng-sciConference dctitle
"Materials Congress 2008 - Materials for
the Future" eng-sciorganiser
lthttp//www.iom3.orggt .
17
An individual product
http//packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345
Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co. Ltd.
manufactured by
item/08-12345
type
model/ML1800
18
An individual product
http//packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345
http//packing-machinery.cn/item/08-12345/formula.
rdf
_at_prefix rzm lthttp//packing-machin
ery.cn/gt . _at_prefix iso
lthttp//www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabularygt .
rzmitem/08-12345 isomanufacturedBy
lthttp//packing-machinery.cngt
a rzmmodel/ML1800 .
19
A class of product
http//packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800
The Ruian Zhuxin Machinery Co has not implemented
this yet as far as I know
http//packing-machinery.cn/model/ML1800/formula.n
3
_at_prefix rzm lthttp//packing-machin
ery.cn/gt . _at_prefix iso
lthttp//www.tc184-sc4.org/vocabularygt . _at_prefix
packing lthttp//www.packing.association
.org/vocabularygt .
rzmmodel/ML1800 isohasMass
scalekilogram 14000
packingmaximum_rule_length scalemetre
50 packingspeed
scaleperMinute 16
packingmotorPower scalekilowatt
11 ......
20
Semantic Web - a big opportunity

• Intelligent product selection
• A super Google - You can search on semantically
  precise attributes rather than text strings
• Automatic download into data sheets
• Enter the URI of the product, and the relevant
  fields are filled in by download from the
  vendors site
• Automatic validation that a product is really
  suitable for a role
• System can flag an error if the properties of the
  selected asset are incompatible with the
  properties of the intended facility

21
Making it happen

• Basic Semantic Web technologies in place
• But still very new some key documents this year
• Standardisation bodies assign URIs
• URIs will be added to ISO 15926-4 early in 2009
• Need to drag the rest of ISO (and ASTM, DIN etc.)
  into the 21st century
• Who is working on it Process Industry IDS
  project

• Aker Kvaerner
• ALCIM
• AVEVA
• Bechtel Corporation
• Bentley Systems

• DNV
• FIATECH
• Intergraph
• iXIT
• Noumenon Consulting

• OLF
• POSC Caesar Association
• Statoil
• University of Stavanger

22
Making it happen

• Basic Semantic Web technologies in place
• But still very new some key documents this year
• Standardisation bodies assign URIs
• URIs will be added to ISO 15926-4 early in 2009
• Need to drag the rest of ISO (and ASTM, DIN etc.)
  into the 21st century
• Who is working on it and a bigger picture ....
• EPC (Electronic Product Codes)
• GS1 (Procter and Gamble, Unilever, Wal-Mart, ...)
• NATO Codification Bureau
• SAP

23
Making it happen
thing
classification
philosophy
OWL
individual
ISO 15926-2
basic engineering
composition
flange
process oil and gas
ISO 15926-4
raised face flange
2" flange
ISO trade associations
commodities
API 2? 300 RF
supplier parts
Fred Bloggs part type A1234-5
suppliers and manufacturers
24
End
25
What is ISO 15926 for?

• To record facts, by the use of reference data
• To record changes
• Each fact can have a separate audit trail
• Support for data warehousing
• Large scope requires simple and generic approach

26
Simple connection example
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
2? 300 RF
2? 150 RF
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
27
Simple connection example
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
2? 300 RF
2? 150 RF
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
28
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
pump P-101 suction nozzle flange
connection assembly C-101
pipe A-256 end 2 flange
part of
part of
type
type
type
2? 300/150 RF connection
2? 150 RF
2? 300 RF
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
29
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
pipe A-256 end 2 flange
connection assembly C-101
composition
part
whole
classified
classification
in ISO 15926-2 but not needed for RDF
implementation
classifier
2? 300/150 RF connection
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
30
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
pump P-101 suction nozzle flange
connection assembly C-101
pipe A-256 end 2 flange
part of
part of
type
type
type
2? 300/150 RF connection
2? 150 RF
2? 300 RF
thanks to Hans Teijgeler
31
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
unit45A-256-h_end2_fl a
apifl_2in_300pd_rf
isopartOf unit45C_101
isopartOf unit45A-256-h .
32
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
unit45A-256-h_end2_fl a
apifl_2in_300pd_rf
isopartOf unit45C_101
isopartOf unit45A-256-h .
33
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
unit45A-256-h_end2_fl a
apifl_2in_300pd_rf
isopartOf unit45C_101
isopartOf unit45A-256-h .
34
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
unit45A-256-h_end2_fl a
apifl_2in_300pd_rf
isopartOf unit45C_101
isopartOf unit45A-256-h .
35
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
URIs assigned by the user
_at_prefix unit45 lthttp//www.con-oil.com/project
4/unit45/gt .
unit45A-256-h_end2_fl a
apifl_2in_300pd_rf
isopartOf unit45C_101
isopartOf unit45A-256-h .
36
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
URI assigned by a standard body standard pipe
fitting classes
_at_prefix unit45 lthttp//www.con-oil.com/project
4/unit45/gt .
_at_prefix api lthttp//www.api.org/standard/pi
pefitting/gt .
unit45A-256-h_end2_fl a
apifl_2in_300pd_rf
isopartOf unit45C_101
isopartOf unit45A-256-h .
37
Simple connection example
connection assembly C-101
pump P-101
pipe A-256-h
URI assigned by a standard body standard pipe
fitting classes
_at_prefix unit45 lthttp//www.con-oil.com/project
4/unit45/gt .
_at_prefix api lthttp//www.api.org/standard/pi
pefitting/gt .
_at_prefix iso lthttp//www.tc184-sc4.org/15926
/-2/tech/reference-datagt .
unit45A-256-h_end2_fl a
apifl_2in_300pd_rf
isopartOf unit45C_101
isopartOf unit45A-256-h .
38
Making this happen

• Users assign URIs to things
• cool URIs dont change
• Standard bodies provide vocabularies
• ISO does generic stuff
• Trade associations do more detailed stuff

39
Traditional data exchange

• Blobs
• Encapsulate the data that defines the shape
• Encapsulate the data that is the specification of
  the part.
• Encapulate the data that is the specification of
  the analysis.
• The data inside the blob and the data outside the
  blob are separate what is inside can be
  specified in a contract.
• It is data push I tell you what you need to
  know.

The blob can be an e-mail attachment it can be
downloaded by FTP.
40
What this is good for

• Command driven processes
• I tell you what to do, and what you need to know
  to do it.
• Processes where the data within the blob can be
  easily defined
• Shape information is a success story it has a
  well defined scope
• Engineering analysis has not taken off the
  scope is fuzzy and much larger
• Processes where the blob has a particular
  destination system
• CAD, CAE, CAM, PDM, LCA

You need to know the type of destination system
is before selecting the type of the blob.
41
What we cannot do yet
What we want to make possible

• A user publishes data on the Web the user makes
  his or her own decision about what data are
  published
• Somebody else can use the data, if they want to.
• A user chooses standard vocabularies to publish
  data as statements
• Vocabularies can be used together as required
• Somebody seeking information can follow links
  between one set of published data and another
• Just like the ordinary Web, but the statements
  are semantically precise
• and the somebody can be a computer application
• It is data pull - you go and get what you want

42
Tracking back materials information
_at_prefix item lthttp//www.a.d.vance.co.u
k/itemgt . _at_prefix model
lthttp//www.a.d.vance.co.uk/modelgt . _at_prefix
alcom lthttp//www.aluminum.com/batch/gt .
item98-12345 parttoDesign
modelABC456_v3
partmadeFromBatch
alcomPQR-12345-06 .
43
Tracking back materials information
_at_prefix item lthttp//www.a.d.vance.co.u
k/itemgt . _at_prefix model
lthttp//www.a.d.vance.co.uk/modelgt . _at_prefix
alcoa lthttp//www.aluminum.com/batch/gt .
_at_prefix part lthttp//www.tc-184-sc4.org
/10303/-1234/tech/vocabularygt .
item98-12345 parttoDesign
modelABC456_v3
partmadeFromBatch
alcomPQR-12345-06 .
dereference to get the next formula
44
Tracking back materials information
item98-1234 parttoDesign
modelABC456_v3
partmadeFromBatch alcomPQR-12345-06
.
alcomPQR-12345-06 matmaterialProductType
mil5XYZ2048-asSheet
matmanufacturingProcess
alcomLineA-2006-02-13 .
45
Tracking back materials information
item98-1234 parttoDesign
modelABC456_v3
partmadeFromBatch alcomPQR-12345-06
.
alcomPQR-12345-06 matmaterialProductType
mil5XYZ2048-asSheet
matmanufacturingProcess
alcomLineA-2006-02-13 .
dereference again to get the next formula
46
Tracking back materials information
alcomPQR-12345-06 matmaterialProductType
mil5XYZ2048-asSheet
matmanufacturingProcess
alcomLineA-2006-02-13 .
alcomLineA-2006-02-13 matperformedBy
alcomLineA
actstartTime iso8601utc
2006-02-12T0900
actendTime iso8601utc
2006-02-12T1700 .
dereference again to get the next formula
47
Tracking back materials information
alcomPQR-12345-06 matmaterialProductType
mil5XYZ2048-asSheet
matmanufacturingProcess
alcomLineA-2006-02-13
tabontisMentionedIn alcomspecimen-67890
/formula.n3 .
dereference again to get the next formula
48
Tracking back materials information
alcomPQR-12345-06 matmaterialProductType
mil5XYZ2048-asSheet
matmanufacturingProcess
alcomLineA-2006-02-13
tabontisMentionedIn alcomspecimen-67890
/formula.n3 .
alcomspecimen-67890 partmadeFromBatch
alcomPQR-12345-06
parttoDesign
testSpecimenTypeXYZ
tabontisMentionedIn alcomTest-67890/for
mula.n3 .
dereference again to get the next formula
49
Tracking back materials information
alcomspecimen-67890 partmadeFromBatch
alcomPQR-12345-06
parttoDesign testSpecimenTypeXY
Z
tabontisMentionedIn alcomTest-67890/for
mula.n3 .
dereference again to get the next formula
50
Tracking back materials information
alcomTest-67890 obsonSpecimen
alcomspecimen-67890
acttoProcedure
testMaterialTestTypePQR
obsgivesResult
alcomResult-67890 .
alcomResult-67890 alcomspecimen-67890
matcompressiveYieldStress isoMPA 201.3

and finally dereference again to get the result
of a real test
51
Many vocabularies are used to record the data
they are developed independently but used together
personnel
observations
inventory
workflow
material test
units
material handbook
product design
GIS
electrical networks
manufacture
earth sciences
maintain
life cycle assessment
52
Data models

• Data models are good
• they specify exactly what data should be supplied
  for a particular activity
• they have constraints to ensure that the data is
  complete and correct
• But
• different activities need different data
• different activities have different ideas about
  what complete means
• So
• There are lots of similar but overlapping data
  models
• A data model does not enable you to publish data
  on the Web

53
Vocabularies/ontologies

• Vocabularies/ontologies are good
• precise statements can be made about things
• different vocabularies can be used together to
  say what you want
• But
• there is no constraint on what is said
• you may not say all that needs to be said
• So
• vocabularies are not enough to specify the data
  flow between activities
• replacing data models with vocabularies rules
  is a research activity
• Vocabularies work with the emerging Semantic Web
  technology

54
What next

• Use the past 20 years work on data models to
  create vocabularies
• cannot be generated automatically from UML,
  EXPRESS or XML schemas
• people have to read the words real work
• All standards developments have this problems
• data models in UML, EXPRESS or XML Schema
• product data - EXPRESS
• electrical networks - UML
• GIS - UML
• building and construction - UML
• materials information XML and EXPRESS
• earth sciences XML
• life cycle assessment XML (ELCD XML schema from
  ISO 14048)