Patterns of Life

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Chapter 6

• Patterns of Life

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Daily QuestionOctober 2/3, 2007

• Describe what happens during plant succession
  after a forest fire. Be specific!

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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Quiz

• Food chain
• Ecosystem
• Soil horizon
• Leaching
• Biome

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The World of Plants and Soil

• Objectives
• Recognize the importance of plants in sustaining
  life on Earth.
• Identify the importance of climate in determining
  soil type.
• Describe the stages of a food chain.

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Primary Production

• Photosynthesis
• Converting sunlight into
• chemical energy
• Change carbon dioxide,
• water, and nutrients from
• the soil, into food
• This process also
• produces oxygen

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Food Chain

• A series of organisms in which energy is passed
  along through living things
• Plants are at the bottom of the food chain
• Lions, Hawks, and Humans are at the top

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Plant Community

• Group of many
• different types of
• Plants
• Plants help each other to
• survive
• Trees provide shade
• Make food for each other

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Ecosystem

• A community of plants and animals that functions
  as a unit with the climate, soil, and water of
  the region.

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Plant Succession

• The process by which a group of plants replaces
  another

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Climax Community

• The last stage of plant succession where a stable
  plant community has developed

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Humus

• Decayed plant and animal matter

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Soil Horizons

• Three layers of soil
• A
• Top soil
• B
• Sub soil
• C
• Broken rock

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Leaching

• Nutrients being washed out of the top soil by rain

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Coral Reefs

• Made from skeletons of coral polyps
• Polyps are tiny marine animals

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• Section 1
• Review Questions

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1.What roles do plants play in a plant community?

• Plants help both their own growth and the growth
  of other plants in the community.

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2.What is the major factor in soil formation?

• Climate

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3.Compare the food chain on land to the marine
food chain.

• On land, plants are eaten, by animals which in
  turn are eaten by other, usually larger, animals.
  A few animals , including humans are at the top
  of the food chain on land. Similarly, in the
  marine food chain, small drifting plants are
  eaten by small marine animals these in turn are
  eaten by larger marine creatures. At the top of
  the food chain are fish, marine birds, and marine
  mammals.

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Chapter 6 Vocabulary Quiz

• Photosynthesis
• Food Chain
• Plant Community
• Ecosystem
• Plant Succession
• Climax Community
• Humus
• Soil Horizon
• Leaching
• Coral Reef

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• Chapter 6
• Section 2

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Biome

• A plant and animal community that covers a very
  large land area.

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Five Major Biomes

• Forest Biome
• Savanna Biome
• Grassland Biome
• Desert Biome
• Tundra Biome

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Deciduous forest

• A middle-latitude forest whose plants lose their
  leaves during a certain season each year.

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Coniferous Forest

• A middle-latitude forest whose plants remain
  green all year-round.

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Mixed Forest

• An area where deciduous and coniferous forest
  blend.

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Savanna

• A tropical grassland with scattered trees and
  shrubs.

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Prairie

• A region of tall grassland and fertile soil.

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Extinct

• No longer in existence.

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1. Where is each of the five basic biomes found
throughout the world?

• Forest biome tropical rain forest near the
  equator, temperate forest in middle latitudes,
  boreal forest in high northern latitudes savanna
  biome tropical regions between the rain forests
  and the desert grassland biome middle latitudes
  between the temperate forest and the deserts
  desert biome low and middle latitudes in desert
  climate regions tundra biome arctic regions in
  the Antarctic, in high mountain elevations.

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2. Which biomes support little plant life?

• Desert and tundra biomes.

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3.Explain why there are many types of forest.

• Many climates can support forest, but different
  kinds of forest are suited to different climates.

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Chapter 6 Review Questions
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Building a Vocabulary
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1. How is a plant community related to an
ecosystem?

• A plant community is just one part of an
  ecosystem. All of regions plants, animals,
  climate, soil, and water function together as an
  ecosystem.

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2. Describe the process of plant succession.

• An orderly process that occurs over a long period
  of time as one group of plants replaces another.

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3. How is a coral reef formed?

• When old coral polyps die, their limestone
  skeletons serve as a platform on which new corals
  grow.

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4. Define the term extinct. What causes a living
thing to be extinct?

• No longer existing long-term destruction.

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Recalling and Reviewing
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1. Would animals be able to survive on Earth if
there were no plants? Why or why not?

• No. Animals need the oxygen and food provided by
  plants.

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2. Describe the stages of either a food chain on
land or a marine food chain.

• Land food chain a plant is eaten by an animal,
  which is eaten by another, usually larger,
  animal marine food chain a drifting marine
  plant is eaten by a marine animal, which is eaten
  by a larger marine animal.

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3. What are the five biomes, and what kinds of
vegetation would you find in each?

• Forest biome rain, temperate, and boreal forest
  savanna biome grasslands with scattered trees
  and shrubs, grassland biome tall and short
  grasses desert biome cacti, sagebrush tundra
  biome mosses, lichens, shrubs, small flowering
  plants.

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Thinking Critically
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1. In what biome type do you live in? Give two
examples of other places in the world that have
the same type of biome as the one in which you
live.

• Students should name the biome in which they live
  and cite two other locations with the same biome.

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2. Predict what will happen to the biosphere if
the forest biomes continue to get smaller.

• Answers will vary. Students should note that
  animals are dependent on the oxygen that plants
  give to the atmosphere . As rain forests are
  cleared, many plants and animals of the rain
  forests biome may become extinct.