PALEOLIMNOLOGY

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PALEOLIMNOLOGY

• September 10, 2007
• Lecture 1
• Basin Analysis

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Basin Analysis 1) Introduction 2) Mechanisms
of Basin Formation 3) Basin Classification 4)
Basins and Sequence Stratigraphy 5) Summary
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Introduction Basin analysis - Study of
sedimentary rocks to determine Subsidence
history Stratigraphic architecture Paleogeogra
phic evolution Tools Geology (outcrops, logs,
core) Geophysics (seismic, gravity,
aeromag) Computers (modeling, data analysis)
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Introduction What is a basin? Repository
for sediment Formed by crustal subsidence
relative to surrounding areas Surrounding
areas sometimes uplifted Many different
shapes, sizes and mechanisms of formation
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• Geologically significant basins
• Basins that are big enough and deep enough to
  preserve record in deep time
• Related to major tectonic processes
• Classification of basins related to to those
  processes

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• Basin Classification
• Independent of kind of water that fills it
• Imperfect, useful in organizing ideas and
  problems
• Each case needs to be looked at separately with
  open mind

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• Basin Classification
• Extensional
• Rift Newark Supergroup (Eastern NA), Basin and
  Range (Western NA), African Rift Lakes, Lake
  Baikal (Siberia), Caithness (Scotland)
• Passive margin poorly known, North Falkland
  Basin (Argentinean margin)
• Epicontinental Chinle (Western US), Germanic
  basin (Europe)

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• Basin Classification
• Compressional
• Backarc Lake Biwa (Japan)
• Forearc Salar Grande (northern Chile)
• Foreland Green River (western US), Ebro basin
  (Spain)

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• Basin Classification
• Other
• Strike-slip Ridge basin (California)
• Combination basin Mediterranean during
  Messinian (Miocene salinity crisis)

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• Extensional
• Rift Newark Supergroup (Eastern NA), Basin and
  Range (Western NA), African Rift Lakes, Lake
  Baikal (Siberia), Caithness (Scotland)

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• Extensional
• Example Newark Supergroup (Eastern NA),

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Late Triassic (210 Ma)
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Lockatong Formation Cycles
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Newark Basin End-Member Facies
Deep water facies
Shallow water facies
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Depth Rank Scale
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Depth Ranks
5 4 3.5 3 2
1.5 1 0.5 0
Examples of Cores
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• Extensional
• Passive margin poorly known, North Falkland
  Basin (Argentinean margin)