The Nervous System

1
The Nervous System

• How Does It Work?

2
Your nervous system has three components

• Brain
• Nerves
• Spinal cord

3
Subdivisions of the nervous system

• the brain
• the spinal cord
• the peripheral nerves
• the autonomic nervous system
• somatic nervous system
• the enteric nervous system

4

• Frontal lobe
• Temporal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Structure relates to function?

5
An archetypal neuron

• Cell body (soma)
• Dendrite
• Axon hillock ( initial segment)

• Axon
• Myelin sheath
• Node of Ranvier
• Presynaptic terminals

6
What you should know

• Surface structure of the brain including
  meninges, cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex and
  its division into four lobes, cranial nerves
• Gross internal structure of the brain including
  ventricles, white matter, grey matter, corpus
  callosum, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla,
  basal ganglia and internal capsule
• Gross structure of the spinal cord including
  dorsal horn, ventral horn, dorsal root, ventral
  root, dorsal column, lateral column, ventral
  column.
• Structure of a neurone including soma, dendrites
  axon hillock, axon, myelin, node of Ranvier,
  presynaptic terminal. Types of glia

7
The Most Important Part of the Nervous System

• Your brain controls everything that happens in
  your body.

8
The brain has two sides.

• The left side of the brain controls the right
  side of the body.
• The right side of the brain controls the left
  side of the body.

9
Nerves are like telephone lines.

• They send messages all over your body.
• These messages move through your body faster than
  you can blink your eyes.

10
Nerves travel through the spinal cord.

• Your spinal cord is like an extension cord that
  runs down the center of your back.
• It is protected by the backbone.

11
Interesting Facts

• Each side of the brain controls the opposite side
  of the body.
• Your brain is full grown by age 6.
• It weighs about three pounds.
• Your brain is made mostly of water. (85)

12
What if you had no brain or nerves?

• You wouldnt be able to see, hear, smell, or
  talk.

13
Healthy Habits

• Exercise
• Do challenging activities that make you think
• read, read, read
• Lift things carefully use your legs, not your
  back

14
Summary

• Functions
• sends messages to the rest of the body
• controls all of the body functions

• Components
• Brain control center
• Nerves carry messages
• Spinal cord a thick bundle of nerves