Keep Florida Beautiful

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La Florida! Land of Flowers Ponce de Leon, 1513
Coreopsis, Floridas State Wildflower
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• Coreopsis, Floridas State Wildflower,
• Section 15.0345, F.S.  Official state
  wildflower
• Thirteen Species common to Florida

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Wildflower Specialty License Plate

• Section 320.08058(27(b)
• The annual use fees shall be distributed to the
  Florida Wildflower Foundation, .

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• proceeds must be used to establish native
  Florida Wildflower research programs, wildflower
  education programs, and wildflower grant programs
  to municipal, county, and community based groups
  in this state.

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Florida Wildflower Foundation Board of Directors

• Terril Nell, University of Florida
• Nia Wellendorf, Florida Department of
  Environmental Protection
• Carolyn Schaag, Florida Federation of Garden
  Clubs, Inc.
• David Fasser, Florida Chapter of the American
  Society of Landscape Architects
• Nancy Rodlun, Master Gardeners Program
• Jeff Caster, Florida Department of Transportation
• Anne MacKay, Florida League of Cities
• Gary Henry, Private Citizen

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• As of August 1, 2007 there have been 106,386
  wildflower license plates sold.
• Estimated revenue nearly 1,500,000.00
• There were 395 new sales in July and 1,154
  renewals

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A Perennial Success

• Grant applications due July 31
• Research
• Education
• Planting

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• No other part of our country can show so great a
  variety of its wild flowers, and in no other
  state are there so many plants of strange habits
  and remarkable characteristics. More than 3000
  species of flowering plants have already been
  listed as growing in Florida
• Baker, Mary Francis, Florida Wildflowers, New
  York, The MacMillan Company, 1926. Page 1.

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Researchhelping growers grow

• Germination, propagation and cultivation
  techniques and requirements
• Stock-increasing techniques in seed production
• Micropropagation requirements
• After-ripening conditions required to increase
  germination rates of seed
• Seed treatment and germination requirements
• Seed and seed stock development, planting method
  and fertilization methods

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Florida Ecotypes of Native Wildflowers for
Roadsides

• Jeffrey G. Norcini
• University of Florida/IFAS
• North Florida Research Education Center, Quincy

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Plant Origin Matters

• Origin of native wildflowers could affect
  performance and survival

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Many of the best stands of wildflowers are.

• Native
• All are naturally-occurring

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Coreopsis nudataSwamp Tickseed
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Mimosa strigillosaPowderpuff
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Sisyrinchium angustifoliumNarrowleaf Blue-eyed
Grass
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Rudbeckia hirtaBlack-eyed Susan
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All of these wildflowers .

• Adapted to this region
• Can be thought of as Florida ecotypes

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What is an ecotype?

• Population of a species that has adapted to a
  particular set of environmental conditions via
  natural selection
• Involves many factorsclimate, latitude,
  elevation, soil, insects,microorganisms, etc.

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Rudbeckia hirta (Black-eyed Susan)
Central Florida
North Florida
Texas Selection
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Coreopsis lanceolata Lanceleaf Tickseed
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Coreopsis lanceolata Lanceleaf Tickseed
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Coreopsis lanceolata Lanceleaf Tickseed
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Genetic Diversity

• Just as important as ecotype
• ? Diversity ? Sustainability

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Gen. Diversity Cultivar/Selection
Genotypes of population mostly A, some B
and C
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Gen. Diversity Cultivar/Selection
A is susceptible to a disease or drought
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Gen. Diversity Cultivar/Selection
A is susceptible to a disease or drought
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Gen. Diversity Natural/No selection
Genotypes of population A to M
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Gen. Diversity Natural/No selection
A is susceptible to a disease or drought
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Gen. Diversity Natural/No selection
A is susceptible to a disease or drought
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The bottom line

• Population sustainability (roadsides, meadows,
  restored/reclaimed land, etc.) depends on
• Seed/plant origin
• Genetic diversity

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• Manage what youve got
• Plant as close to native as possible
• Ensure seed to soil contact

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• Plant origin most important in low input
  plantings
• Under garden conditions select native
  wildflowers based on
• Aesthetics / performance
• Philosophical reasons
• Right plant for right place

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What wildflower species are commonly being
planted by FDOT?
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Wildflower Seed Native species 6250
lbNonnative species 5125 lb
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Native seed
Drummond phlox (Phlox drummondii)
Dye flower (Coreopsis basalis)
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Native seeds
Blanketflower (Gaillardia pulchella)
Black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
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Native seeds
Lanceleaf tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata)
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Natural populations of wildflower species
commonly being managed by FDOT?
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Drummond phlox(Phlox drummondii)
Dye flower (Coreopsis basalis)
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What is significant about ecotype?

• Ecology
• Economy
• Aesthetics
• Heritage

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Why examine the ecotype issue?

• Failure of roadside plantings, especially south
  of Orlando
• Florida ecotypes may be better but no research to
  prove or disprove
• Insufficient seed available

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Black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
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Black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
C. Fla.
N. Fla.
Texas
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Black-eyed susan seed sources

• Differences in growth and flowering primarily due
  to planting location in Florida
• Difference in flower size by seed sourceTexas gt
  N. Fla. gt C. Fla.
• Poor survival of Texas selection

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Black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
C. Fla.
N. Fla.
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Blanketflower (Gaillardia pulchella)
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Gaillardia pulchella (Blanketflower)
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Blanketflower (Florida ecotype 8-20-97)
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Blanketflower (Nonlocal seed source ecotype
8-20-97)
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Lanceleaf coreopsis
Local
Nonlocal
Local
Nonlocal
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Coreopsis lanceolata (Lanceleaf Coreopsis)
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Lanceleaf coreopsis
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Research funded by the tag has helped increase
the demand and the availability of Florida
ecotypes

• Seed increasing/production
• Seed ecology research
• Demo sites roadsides /NFREC

www.floridawildflowers.com
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Species being increased/produced

• Coreopsis basalisDye Flower

Coreopsis lanceolataLanceleaf Tickseed
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Species being increased/produced

• Coreopsis floridanaFlorida Tickseed

Coreopsis leavenworthiiLeavenworths Tickseed
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Species being increased/produced

• Rudbeckia hirtaBlack-eyed Susan

Rudbeckia mollisSofthair Coneflower
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Species being increased/produced
Phlox drummondiiDrummond Phlox

• Gaillardia pulchellaBlanketflower

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Species being increased/produced

• Mimosa strigillosaPowderpuff

Flaveria linearisYellowtop
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Species being increased/produced

• Trifolium reflexumBuffalo Clover

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Sky-blue LupineLupinus diffusus
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• www.FloridaWildflowerFoundation.org
• Go wild! Go Beautiful!
• Buy the Tag!
• Become a member!