Presentation Lipids

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PresentationLipids

• Michaela Baroová, Luká Malina

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Properties of Lipids

• The Lipids are esters of long chain fatty acids
  and alcohols
• (glycerol).
• They are a large and diverse group of naturally
  occuring organic
• compounds that are
• generally insoluble in water they are
  hydrophobic
• soluble in nonpolar solvents such as ether,
  chloroform, aceton etc.
• There is a great structural variety among the
  lipids.
• diverse - ruznorodý
  
• occuring vyskytující se
  

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Functions of Lipids

• store and source of energy for animals and people
• solvent (for the lipid soluble vitamins such as
  A, D, E, K)
• structural components of biological membranes
• protective function they protect some organs in
  human body (kidneys)
• both lipids and lipid derivatives serve as
  vitamins and hormones
• store rezerva, zásoba
  
  protective - ochranný
• source zdroj
  
  serve - slouit

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Classification of Lipids

• Homolipids
• Fatty acids and their derivatives
• Triacylglycerols
• Wax esters
• Heterolipids
• Phospholipids
• Sphingolipids
• wax - vosk

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Fatty Acids

• their name mostly reflect their sources
• natural fatty acids may be saturated or
  unsaturated
• linoleic and linolenic fatty acids are essential
  - their absence in the human diet is connected
  with health problems (increased dehydration )
• reflect odráet
• saturated - nasycený

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Triacylglycerols

• the triesters of fatty acids with glycerol
  (1,2,3-trihydroxypropane) - CH2OHCHOHCH2OH
  
• are contained both in plants and animals
• represent one of the major food group of our diet
• solid at room temperature are classified as fats
  (occur mainly in animals)
• liquid are called oils (mainly in plants, but
  triacylglycerols from fish are also oils)

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Triacylglycerols - continued

• fats have a predominance of saturated fatty acids
  
• oils are composed largely of unsaturated acids
• herring sledový
• corn obilí
• peanut burský oríek

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Reactions of Triacylglycerols

• the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is used for
  production of candles
• CH2OCOR1 CH2OH R1COOH
• CHOCOR2 3H2O ? CHOH R2COOH
• CH2OCOR3 CH2OH R3COOH

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Reactions of Triacylglycerols - continued

• the base-catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) is
  used for production of soaps
• potassium soaps are soft and were then converted
  to the harder sodium soaps by washing with salt
  solution
• CH2OCOR1 CH2OH
  R1COONa
• 
  
• CHOCOR2 3NaOH ? CHOH R2COONa
• 
  
• CH2OCOR3 CH2OH
  R3COONa

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Waxes

• are esters of fatty acids with long chain
  monohydric alcohols (one hydroxyl group)
• waxes are widely distributed in nature
• the leaves and fruits of many plants have waxy
  coatings protect them from dehydration and
  small predators
• examples spermaceti CH3(CH2)14CO2-(CH2)15CH3
• beeswax
  CH3(CH2)24CO2-(CH2)29CH3

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Phospholipids

• structural components of biomembranes
• hydrophobic domain composed largely of fatty
  acids
• hydrophilic domain containes phosphate or other
  polar groups
• Sphingolipids
• important components of animal and plant
  membranes
• contain long chain amino alcohol, in animals
  sphingosine
• compose skládat se
  beeswax
  vcelí vosk
• sparmaceti - vorvanovina
  

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References

• http//education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/
  entry/lipid
• http//encyclopedia.wikipedia.org/wiki/lipid
• http//biology.clc.uc.edu/couses/bio104/lipids.htm
  
• http//www.cem.msu.edu/reusch/VirtualText/lipids.h
  tm
• Thank you for your attention