Sin t

1
The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Mariano Fernández-López Asunción
Gómez-Pérez Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory Technical University of Madrid
(UPM) Spain

2
Outline
1. Introduction 2. OntoClean 3. WebODE 4.
ODEClean 5. Conclusions
3
Introduction. Ontology evaluation
As ontologies move from academic institutions
into commercial environments they have to fulfil
stronger requirements (e.g. concerning
correctness, consistency, completeness,
conciseness, etc.)
4
Introduction. Ontology evaluation with
METHONTOLOGY
Most of the ontology development methodologies
include an evaluation activity
METHONTOLOGY proposes to evaluate the ontology
during its whole life cycle
Fernández-López, M. Gómez-Pérez, A. Pazos, J.
Pazos, A. Building a Chemical Ontology using
methontology and the Ontology Design Environment.
IEEE Intelligent Systems and their applications.
4 (1)37-45. 1999.
WebODE is the workbench that gives technological
support to some activities of METHONTOLOGY
Corcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A.,
Vicente, O. WebODE an integrated workbench for
ontology representation, reasoning and exchange.
13th International Conference on Knowledge
Engineering and Knowledge Management EKAW02.
2002.
5
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY does not propose a set of design
principles that guide the development of
taxonomic knowledge and methods to clean tangled
taxonomies.
We have integrated OntoClean in METHONTOLOGY
6
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
Software
WebODE
7
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
Software
WebODE
Methodology integration
Fernández-López, M. Gómez-Pérez, A. Guarino, N.
2001. The Methontology OntoClean merge.
Technical Report, OntoWeb special interest group
on Enterprise-standards Ontology Environments.
Amsterdam. 2001
METHONTOLOGY
Metothologies
OntoClean
WebODE
Software
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
OntoClean
WebODE
Módulo OntoClean
Software
8
Introduction. METHONTOLOGY and OntoClean
Management activities
Scheduling
Control
Quality assurance
Development activities
Specification
Conceptualization
Maintenance
Formalization
Implementation
Support activities
Knowledge acquisition
OntoClean inclusion
Integration
Evaluation
Documentation
Configuration Management

9
OntoClean
OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
Software
WebODE
Methodology integration
METHONTOLOGY
Metothologies
OntoClean
WebODE
Software
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
OntoClean
WebODE
OntoClean module
Software
10
OntoClean
OntoClean has been elaborated by the Ontology
Group of the LADSEB-CNR in Padova (Italy). It is
a method to clean taxonomies according to notions
such as rigidity, identity and unity.
Step 1, step 2, ...
obtain
Method steps
Cleaned taxonomy
Has to be cleaned
Tangled taxonomy
11
OntoClean meta-properties
OntoClean has been elaborated by the Ontology
Group of the LADSEB-CNR in Padova (Italy). It is
a method to clean taxonomies according to notions
such as rigidity, identity and unity.
Step 1, step 2, ...
obtain
Method steps
Top level of universals
Cleaned taxonomy
Are useful to apply
Has to be cleaned
Is useful to obtain

• Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy
  to be evaluated
• Associated to rigidity is rigid, is anti-rigid
  or is non-rigid
• Associated to identity carries identity
  criterion or supplies identity criterion
• Associated to unity carries unity (..........)

Tangled taxonomy
12
OntoClean metaproperties associated to the
rigidity notion
Essence a property is essential to an individual
if and only if necessarily holds for that
individual
John is necessarily a person
John is not necessarily a student
13
OntoClean metaproperties associated to the unity
notion
We can say that an individual is a whole if and
only if it is made by a set of parts unified by a
relation R.
British Airways is a whole unified by the
relation has president
14
Top level of universals
Step 1, step 2, ...
obtain
Method steps
Top level of universals
Cleaned taxonomy
Are useful to apply
Has to be cleaned
Is useful to obtain

• Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy
  to be evaluated
• Associated to rigidity is rigid, is anti-rigid
  or is non-rigid
• Associated to identity carries identity
  criterion or supplies identity criterion
• Associated to unity carries unity

Tangled taxonomy
15

Top level of universals
top level of universals
type
role
instance of
instance of
top level of particulars
UNIVERSALS
subclass of
subclass of
car
traveller
instance of
instance of
my car
John Smith
PARTICULARS
16

Top level of universals to obtain meta-properties
top level of universals
type
role
Every type is rigid
instance of
Car is a type
instance of
top level of particulars
UNIVERSALS
Car is rigid
subclass of
subclass of
car
traveller
instance of
instance of
my car
John Smith
PARTICULARS
17
OntoClean method steps
Step 1, step 2, ...
obtain
Method steps
Top level of universals
Cleaned taxonomy
Are useful to apply
Has to be cleaned
Is useful to obtain

• Meta-properties of the concepts of the taxonomy
  to be evaluated
• Associated to rigidity is rigid, is anti-rigid
  or is non-rigid
• Associated to identity carries identity
  criterion or supplies identity criterion
• Associated to unity carries unity
  (..........)

Tangled taxonomy
18

OntoClean method steps
1) Put tags to every property assigning
meta-properties
-DO-UR
AMOUNT OF MATTER
-DOUR
PHYSICAL OBJECT
-DOU-R
DI-OUR
FOOD
-DOUR
FRUIT
19

OntoClean method steps
2) Focus just on the rigid properties (backbone
taxonomy)
-DO-UR
AMOUNT OF MATTER
-DOUR
PHYSICAL OBJECT
-DOU-R
DI-OUR
FOOD
-DOUR
FRUIT
20

OntoClean method steps
3) Evaluate the taxonomy taking into account
cleaning axioms. For example, a property
carrying anti-unity has to be disjoint of a
property carrying unity
-DO-UR
AMOUNT OF MATTER
Physical object carries a unity criterion and
amount of matter does not
-DOUR
PHYSICAL OBJECT
-DOU-R
DI-OUR
FOOD
-DOUR
FRUIT
21

OntoClean method steps
4) Consider non-rigid properties
5) Complete the taxonomy with other concepts and
relations
22
WebODE
OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
Software
WebODE
Methodology integration
METHONTOLOGY
Metothologies
OntoClean
WebODE
Software
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
OntoClean
WebODE
OntoClean module
Software
23
WebODE
24
OntoClean module
OntoClean
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
Software
WebODE
Methodology integration
METHONTOLOGY
Metothologies
OntoClean
WebODE
Software
Software building
METHONTOLOGY
Methodologies
OntoClean
WebODE
OntoClean module
Software
25
OntoClean module

• ODEClean functions
• ODEClean building
• ODEClean internal work

26
ODEClean functions

• ODEClean functions
• ODEClean building
• ODEClean internal work

27
ODEClean functions

• Establishing the evaluation mode
•  
• Assigning meta-properties to concepts
•  
• Focusing on rigid properties
•  
• Evaluation according to the taxonomic constraints

28
Form-based web for ODEClean
29
OntoDesigner for evaluating taxonomies following
OntoClean
30
Errors detected by ODEClean
31
ODEClean building

• ODEClean functions
• ODEClean building
• ODEClean internal work

32
ODEClean building
Step 1. ODECleans ontology building
Top level of Universals Meta-properties Evalua
tion axioms
33
Example of axiom introduced in ODEClean ontology
34
ODEClean internal work

• ODEClean functions
• ODEClean building
• ODEClean internal work

35
ODEClean internal work
ENRICHED TOP LEVEL OF UNIVERSALS
PROPERTY Carries identity
criterion boolean Supplies identity criterion
boolean Carries anti-unity boolean Carries
unity boolean Is dependent boolean Is anti
rigid boolean Is rigid boolean
The rest of the top level of universals
36
Conclusions
1. Introduction 2. OntoClean 5. WebODE 6.
ODEClean 7. Conclusions
37
Conclusions

• We provide software support for a methodology
  which was applied by hand
• We have carried out an integration at the
  methodological level before performing it at the
  software level
•  
• An ontology built by a group that has not
  participated in the development of WebODE has
  been introduced in WebODE and enriched
•  
• The knowledge used to evaluate ontologies is
  declaratively specified

38
The integration of OntoClean in WebODE
Mariano Fernández-López Asunción
Gómez-Pérez Artificial Intelligence
Laboratory Technical University of Madrid
(UPM) Spain