VENEDIK

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KADIR SAGDIÇ Rear Admiral (UH) Commander Of Naval
Training And Education Command Turkish Navy
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Black Sea
Mediterranean
Developing Maritime Strategy A Regional
Perspective
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Risks and new threats
Maritime Domain an ideal medium

• 70 of the earth surface covered by sea.
• 2/3 population lives within 100 miles of coast.
• Over 150 of the 192 member states of the UN are
  coastal states.
• gt 30 economy depends on intl trade.
• 99,7 of intl trade conducted by 50.000 ships
  servicing 4.000 ports.

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In today's world
Concerns about Maritime Security
Safeguarding the Maritime Domain
Positive Negative Effects over the seas
This trend will continue in the future
Globalization
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BLACK SEA
AEGEAN
MEDITERRANEAN
Changing and Advancing Role of the Naval Forces
Constabulary Tasks
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Sea Transportation Carries 90 Percent Of Turkish
Export And Import
Last Year Quarter Of a Billion Tons Of Goods are
Handled in Turkish Ports
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ENERGY BRIDGE
Turkey Casts Itself As An Energy Hub In Its
Region
OIL
NAT. GAS
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TURKEYS MARITIME JURISDICTION AREAS
Blue Stream
Bourgas-Alexandrapolis
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan
Samsun-Ceyhan
Kirkük-Yumurtalik
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Black Sea
The Black Sea is gaining greater significance
particularly within the context of Euro-Atlantic
security
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Black Sea
Energy
Security
The Black Sea has become one of the most
important energy corridor of the world
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Black Sea Maritime Security
Full cooperation and coordination among all Black
Sea littoral states should be attained
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Black Sea Maritime Security
Complementary to Euro-Atlantic security system
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300 ships/day
150 East-West
150 Turkish Straits

• Turkish Straits
• 25-30 Tanker/day, 145 million tons of oil and
  by-products/year
• Last year 102 flag states merchant ships passed

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Montreux Convention
1936
In force for the last 71 years
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Risk assessment in the Black Sea
BLACKSEAFOR Risk evaluation document in the
Black Sea
No threats but risks in the Black Sea
Threat
Risks
...if not checked and deterred.
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Maritime Security Initiatives
Operation Black Sea Harmony2004
BLACKSEAFOR 2001
Black Sea Border/Coast Guard Cooperation Forum
(BSCF) 2006
Confidence Security Building Measures
Initiative(CSBM) 2002
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BLACKSEAFOR
A multinational naval on-call task group was
established and named the BLACKSEAFOR.
BLACKSEAFOR was activated for the tenth time
under Turkish Navys command in August 2007.
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BLACKSEAFOR
unique initiative
Mutual interoperability, stabilization and
promotion of peace in maritime areas
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BLACKSEAFOR
At the operational level, BLACKSEAFOR has already
achieved the interoperability of different units
belonging to different security systems
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BLACKSEAFOR-A Unique Success
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
1 March 2004
Maritime Security Operation
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
UNSCR 1373, 1540, 1566
Aim
To establish Presence Operations in contributing
to the overall efforts for Deterring, Disrupting
and Preventing the risks and potential threats of
terrorism, illicit trafficking in WMD and other
illegal activities at sea in line with UNSC
resolutions.
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
Mission
To achieve and maintain maximum maritime domain
awareness in the designated patrol areas enabling
prompt identification of, and reaction to,
suspect vessels.
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
Maritime Security Operations (MSO)
Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIO)
Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA)
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
OBSH is affiliated with Operation Active
Endeavour of NATO in the Mediterranean.
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
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Integrated Coastal Surveillance Radar Stations
and Automated Identification System (AIS)
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Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Management System
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Information sharing with NATO
The data gathered from these stations is
currently disseminated to NATO.
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Maritime situational awareness is increased not
only in the Black Sea but also in the Aegean
and the Mediterranean
Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Automatic Identification System(AIS)
Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Services(TSVTS)
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The Turkish Straits
All suspect vessels have been shadowed during
their transit through Turkish Straits as well as
Black Sea
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
OBSH is open to all Black Sea countries.
Turkey has invited all Black Sea countries to
join the Operation
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
Exchange of Letter (EoL)
27 December 2006
Russian Federation has already concluded
participation process.
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
Protokol
25 April 2007
Ukraine has officially participated the operation.
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Operation Black Sea Harmony
A draft memorandum of understanding document is
currently on the table, regarding Romanian Navys
participation in the operation.
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Black Sea Littoral States
Border Coast Guard Cooperation Forum (BSCF)
THE SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING OF LEADERS
ISTANBUL / 07-09 November 2006
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Black Sea Littoral States
Border Coast Guard Cooperation Forum (BSCF)
Initiative to promote maritime security
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Turkish Navy shares own experiences at sea
training with Romanian and Bulgarian navies
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Baku- Tbilisi-Ceyhan Kerkük-Yumurtalik Samsun-Ceyh
an pipe lines
The amount will increase up to 190 million tons
of oil per year.
Iskenderun
Sea lines of communication will become new life
lines of world energy network.
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Operation Mediterranean Shield
01 April 2006
Under the legal framework of UNSC resolutions
UNSCR 1373, 1540, 1566
In order to deter, disrupt and prevent terrorism,
proliferation of WMD and other illicit activities
at sea
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Operation Mediterranean Shield
01 April 2006
The aim of the operation is to provide deterrence
through presence on the westbound and southbound
oil transportation routes from Iskenderun.
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Operation Mediterranean Shield
Maritime traffic information obtained through the
operation is shared with relevant military
headquarters of the alliance, UNIFIL maritime
assets, and other regional and national
initiatives
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Operation Active Endeavour
October 2001
Interrogation
Compliant boarding
Turkey has provided maximum number of assets for
NATOs Operation Active Endeavour.
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Mutual Coordination and Cooperation
Operation Mediterranean Shield OMS
Operation Active Endeavour
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Contribution of Turkish Naval Forces to UNIFIL
CORVETTE
OILER
FRIGATE
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Maritime Security Operations
IMO Initiatives

• ISPS Code
• AIS
• LRIT
• SUA

• Operation Black Sea Harmony
• Operation MediterraneanShield

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Supression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of
Maritime Navigation
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Automatic Identification System Network (AIS)
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Turkish Navy adjusted infrastructure redeployed
forces to meet the new security risks
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Human Dimension
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Conclusion

• To maintain and sustain regional stability based
  on good neighborly relations
• To fulfill Allied commitments, i.e. NATO and
  bilateral engagements
• Priority to human dimension and public relations

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Conclusion

• Be prepared to meet the new security challenges,
  including environmental disasters, new tasks and
  roles including constabulary ones
• Close cooperation and coordination with Coast
  Guard, other services, state and non-governmental
  agencies.

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