The Crusades

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The Crusades
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1. Jerusalem

• Christians from Western Europe visited shrines in
  the holy city
• Conquered by the Turks in 1071
• Travel became difficult for Christians there

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1. Jerusalem (cont.)

• Christians in Western Europe call for crusades
  a series of holy wars

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2. A Call to War

• The Byzantine Empire was being threatened by the
  Turks

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2. A Call to War (cont.)

• Pope Urban II agreed to help Byzantines if they
  would reunite the Catholic and Orthodox churches
  AND recognize the popes authority

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2. A Call to War (cont.)

• Urban called Europeans to fight the crusades
• Promised soldiers to be free of debt/taxes

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2. A Call to War (cont.)

• Soldiers wore a red cross on their tunics as a
  symbol of their obedience to God

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2. A Call to War (cont.)

• People felt that it was their duty as Christians
  to win back the Holy land

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3. The Peasants Crusade

• Peasants joined together and marched toward
  Jerusalem
• Attacked farmers, looted cottages, and burned
  wheat-fields
• Killed many non-Christians

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3. The Peasants Crusade (cont.)

• Once they reached Constantinople, the Byzantine
  emperor sent them to battle the Turks in Asia
  Minor

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Summarize!

• Turn to a partner and discuss why many peasants
  chose to go on a Crusade.

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4. The Nobles Crusade

• Lords took a lot of people/supplies with them
• Defeated Turks in Asia Minor
• Many died in Syria from dehydration

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4. The Nobles Crusade (cont.)

• The remaining crusaders reached Jerusalem in
  1099, killing many

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4. The Nobles Crusade (cont.)

• After the crusades, many nobles stayed in
  Palestine and adopted different customs to adapt
  to the different land and climate
• Their kingdom was called Outremer

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Summarize!

• Turn to a partner and talk about the following
  question Were the nobles successful in their
  Crusade? Why or why not?

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5. Saladin

• Saladin became a Muslim leader in 1174

Image taken from http//myisrael.lugovsa.net/hist
ory/images/saladin.JPG
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5. Saladin (cont.)

• He united Muslims and started a war against the
  Christians in Palestine
• Armies led by emirs

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5. Saladin (cont.)

• Recaptured Jerusalem in 1187

Image taken from http//www.nytid.no/bilder/tmp/n
ytid_1025.jpg_300_210_100.jpg
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5. Saladin (cont.)

• Earned the respect of Crusaders when he refused
  to massacre the Christians

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6. The Crusade of Kings

• The Church urged another crusade after Saladins
  victory
• Led by the 3 most powerful rulers in Europe

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King Richard of England Image taken from
http//www.carpenoctem.tv/img/lionhearted.jpg

Phillip Augustus of France Image taken from
http//www.timelineindex.com/imagesThumb/255_1135.
png
Barbarossa of Germany Image taken from
http//www.hubhobbyshop.com/clash7.JPG
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6. The Crusade of Kings (cont.)

• This crusade was a failure
• Only King Richard reached Jerusalem

Image taken from http//www.mainlesson.com/books/
church/english/zpage186.gif
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Summarize!

• Turn to a partner and discuss the following
  question Why did the kings go on a Crusade?

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7. The Merchants Crusade

• Pope Innocent III called for in 1202

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7. The Merchants Crusade (cont.)

• Soldiers never made it to Palestine
• They looted, burned, and remained in
  Constantinople

Image taken from http//atheisme.free.fr/Religion
/Au_nom_de_Dieu/Pillage_de_Constantinople_par_les_
croises_en_1204.jpg
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8. Effects of the Crusades

• Byzantines were very angry made the split
  between Catholic and Orthodox Christianity
  permanent
• Helped to break down feudalism in Western Europe

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8. Effects of the Crusades (cont.)

• Made Western Europe interested in learning
  (result of seeing different cultures)

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8. Effects of the Crusades (cont.)

• Opening of new trade routes