Wireless Communication

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
India and Andhra Pradesh A political,
economic, and technological overview By Suresh
Manchella
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
India at a Glance

• Official Name Bharat
• Governing System Parliament
• Independence Aug 15, 1947
• Constitution Adopted Nov 26, 1949
• Constitution Instituted Jan 26, 1950
• Location 84' - 376' N, 87 - 9725' E
• Area 3,287,590 sq km
• Coast Line 7,516.6 km
• Total Population 1.12 B (July 2007 est.)
• Unemployment rate 7.8 (2006 est.)

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Political Overview
President Mrs. Pratibha Devisingh PatilAssumed
office as the 12th President of India on July 25,
2007 First woman to have been elected to this
position
Vice President Mr. Mohd. Hamid AnsariHeld
various high level diplomatic posts through out
his career Expert in International diplomacy and
Foreign relations Padma Shri (1984)
Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh MS in
Economics, University of Cambridge 1957 PhD in
Economics, Oxford University 1962 Honorary Doctor
of Civil Law, University of Oxford 2005 Honorary
Doctor of Civil Law, University of Cambridge
2006 World renowned scholar on Economic reforms
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Indias Economic Future
Source The Economist Intelligence Unit Dated
Oct 10, 2007
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Key Economic Indicators
Source The Economist Intelligence Unit
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Poverty in India
Source 10th Five Year Plan of India
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Key Factors for Poverty

• Rural Factors
• Alarming population Growth
• Lack of Investment
• Lower Literacy Rate
• Regional inequalities
• Failure Of PDS system
• National Initiatives to reduce Rural poverty
• Small Farmers Development Program
• Draught Area Development Program
• Food For Work Program
• Minimum Needs Program
• Integrated Rural Development Program
• National Rural Employment Program
• Rural Labor Employment Guaranty Program
• Assurance on Employment

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Key Factors for Poverty

• Urban Factors
• Improper Training
• Growing population
• Slower job Growth
• Failure of PDS System
• National Initiatives to reduce Urban poverty
• Nehru Rozgar Yojana
• Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana
• National Social Assistance Program
• Urban Basic Services for the Poor Program

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Andhra Pradesh (AP) at a Glance

• Official Name Andhra Pradesh
• Independence Nov 1, 1956
• State Capital Hyderabad
• People per Telephone117.5
• Location 1241' - 22N, 77 - 8440' E
• Area 276,754 sq km
• Coast Line 970 km
• Total Population 76.21 M (2001 census)
• Unemployment rate 6.67 (UN report)
• Total GDP 12.58 billion (2006-07)

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Andhra Pradesh State Political Overview
Governor Mr. Narayan Dutt Tiwari
Chief Minister Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara
Reddy Medical doctor by profession
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Cultural Diversity in AP
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Telangana Region of Andhra Pradesh

• Telangana region merged with Andhra region to
  form Andhra Pradesh (AP) state on November 1,
  1956
• Major movement under way to separate Telangana
  from AP to form Telangana State
• Total Area 1,14,800 sq km
• Largest of the 3 regions of AP
• Largest and most populous princely state in
  India
• Never under direct British rule

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Key Sectors of Andhra Pradesh

• Automobile and Auto Components Industry
• Biotechnology
• Tourism
• Bulk Drugs and Pharmasuticals
• Food Agro based
• Information Technology
• Mines and Minerals
• Textiles and Leather

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Telecom Infrastructure Statistics
Telephone subscribers increase to more than
248.6 million in Sep 07!!

• An increase of 7.65 million in the month of Sept
  07 alone
• Sept 2006 170 million
• Sept 2007 248.6 million (only 39.73m land line)
• Cell Phones 166.1 M (2006)
• Teledensity increased to 21.85 as of Sept 07
  as compared to 15.12 in Sept 06

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
AP Cellular Infrastructure
Service Providers Bharati Cellular Ltd. Bharat
Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Hutchison Essar South
Ltd. IDEA Cellular Ltd. GSM Coverage (All
carriers) - Major cities/towns 23 - Rural
towns and villages 249
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Rural Telecom Foundation
Gram-Phone Pilot Project

• Gram-Phone is a party line
• Each phone number is associated with 4 families
• First pilot site Kalleda Village in Warangal
  District of AP
• One of the 1089 villages in Warangal District, a
  part of Telangana region
• Backward class, Scheduled castes and Scheduled
  tribes enjoy telephone facility now
• 565 growth rate in 2 years (43 subscribers in
  2000 to 286 subscribers in 2002)
• Cost of the connection Rs 12.50/mo (0.31/mo)
• Started as a paper on Rural Telecom at Stanford
  University
• Funded by Govt. as well as NRI development fund

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Typical Subscriber base in Rural India
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
References
1 Economy Watch 2 The Economist Intelligence
Unit 3 CIA The World Factbook 4 How Stuff
Works 5 Wikipedia Dr. Manmohan Singh,
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh 6 Prime Ministers
Office (India) 7 Various links from Portal of
India 8 10th Five Year Plan of India 9
Official Portal of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh 10
Depart of Telecommunications, India 11 Rural
Telecom Foundation (India)
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access A Promising Technology for Rural
Communications
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Traditional Communications

• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Speeds up to 15 mbps possible
• Very reliable and cost effective
• Phone line required for providing service
• Telecom infrastructure not readily available in
  rural communities
• Very large infrastructure set-up cost
• Service availability depends on the customer
  premises distance from the CO
• Cable Internet
• Typically up to 6 mpbs can be achieved (30 Mpbs
  theoretical limit)
• Depends on cable TV availability in the
  community
• Dial-up
• Speeds up to 64 kbps
• Phone line required for service
• Leased lines
• T1 speeds up to 1.5 Mbps
• Higher bandwidths available but are very
  expensive

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
What is WiMAX?

• WiMAX is an open standard
• IEEE 802.16 standard currently mature and still
  evolving
• Covers both fixed and mobile deployments
• Only standard built from the ground up for
  wireless data communication unlike 3G, 4G which
  were primirarily developed for voice
  communication with added services
• All IP architecture so easy interoperability
  with existing technologies
• Uses OFDM with MIMO smart antenna technology
• Wireless ranges upto 50 km and speeds up 70 mbps
  can be achieved (not together)
• 10Mbps over 10km in LOS and 10Mbps over 2km over
  non-LOS
• Major corporations like Intel, Motorola, and
  Nextel have already committed financial
  investment and support for WiMAX development and
  deployment

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
Why WiMAX?
Best of both worlds for Rural communication
infrastructure
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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan
More Trends on WiMAX!!
What does this tell us?

• WiMAX is here to stay!
• As market share goes up cost goes down
• Implementation cost will drastically reduce as
  chips are mass produced

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Wireless Communication Fall 2007 Instructor Dr.
Bruce Lusignan