PLANT ROOTS

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PLANT ROOTS
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FUNCTIONS OF ROOTS

• Root Functions
• Anchor
• a root acts like an anchor in the soil.
• It prevents the plant from pulling out of the
  soil
• Absorption
• the root absorbs
• water
• minerals

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ROOT TYPES

• Taproot Root
• Store nutrients
• Find water deeper in soil
• Secondary roots come of the primary root
• Fibrous Root
• Spread out
• Used by cactus
• Larger amount of surface area for water absorption

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ROOT ZONES

• Meristematic Zone (Cell Division)
• Mitosis area
• New cells produced
• Zone of Elongation
• Cells become longer
• Zone of Maturation
• Cells form into specialized tissues

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ROOT HAIR

• Function
• increase surface area for water absorption
• Found in the Zone of Maturation

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VASCULAR TISSUE IN ROOTS

• Xylem
• Tissue that transports water up to leaves from
  roots
• Phloem
• transports nutrients from leaves to rest of plant

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MONOCOT ROOT

• Circular center
• Epidermis
• Protective, outer layer
• Cortex
• Fundamental tissue
• For storage of starch
• What you eat in a potato
• Endodermis
• Contains a water proof layer that allows water to
  enter into vascular cylinder
• Pith
• Inner Core

Xylem
Phloem
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DICOT ROOT

• Star center
• Same functions as Monocot Root

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PLANT STEMS
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STEMS

• Herbaceous
• soft and flexible
• Monocots
• Annuals
• Woody - hard and rigid
• Dicots
• live for more than one year - perennials

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PARTS OF STEMS

• Terminal Bud
• where stem grows
• Axillary Bud
• where a leaf can grow from or another stem can
  branch off

Xylem/Phloem
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BARK

• Bark is the outside protective layer of a stem
• Made of phloem and other tissues
• New layer appearance of Rings

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MODIFIED STEMS

• Some stems are formed for special reasons
• Potatoes - modified stem for starch storage
• Tendril - modified stem to be used for
  attaching/climbing on to another object

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PLANT LEAVES
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LEAF BASICS

• Parts of a leaf
• Blade - main part of the leaf in which
  photosynthesis occurs
• Petiole - miniature stem to attach the leaf to a
  stem

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LEAF MICROSCOPE

• Cuticle - waxy layer on the upper epidermis that
  prevents water loss
• Palisade layer - where most photosynthesis occurs
• Spongy Layer - where carbon dioxide and oxygen
  travel
• Stoma - opening to allow carbon dioxide to enter
  and oxygen to leave

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MONOCOT LEAF

• Long slender leaf
• Parallel veins
• Held to stem by a sheath
• Grasses, lily, corn

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DICOT LEAF

• Attached to the stem by a petiole
• Branched veins
• May be single or compound
• Oak tree, lantana, rose

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LEAF VEINS

• Net Veins
• random pattern
• cover
• Palmately Veined
• pattern
• Pinnately Veined
• alternate vascular