Part I: Energy, Matter, Bonds, Atoms, Reactions

1
Part I Energy, Matter, Bonds, Atoms, Reactions
2
What are the three parts of an atom?
3
Proton, electron, neutron
4
How many different atoms are in the formula CHON?
5
4
6
What do we call the three sections of an atom?
7
Subatomic particle
8
Where are protons and neutrons found?
9
Nucleus
10
Where are electrons found?
11
They circle around the nucleus
12
Which subatomic particles are involved in bonding?
13
electrons
14
What is the charge of each subatomic particle?
15
Proton- positiveneutron- neutralelectron-
negative
16
What is an ion?
17
An atom that has a positive () or negative (-)
charge
18
What type of bond is due to electrons being
shared?
19
covalent
20
What type of bond involves electrons being passed
back and forth between atoms?
21
Ionic bond
22
Which is a stronger bond- covalent or ionic?
23
covalent
24
In our gum drop lab, which bonds are strongest?
(those with 3 toothpicks or 1?)
25
3 toothpicks (triple bond) is stronger than 1
toothpick (single bond)
26
What is potential energy?
27
Stored energy
28
Where find potential energy?
29
food- there is potential energy in the bonds of
food2) objects above ground level. For example
a pen sitting on a desk or a skier on the top of
a hill
30
What is kinetic energy?
31
Is energy due to movement. Anything that moves
has kinetic energy
32
What is the law of conservation?
33
Energy is not created or can it be destroyed
energy can be transferred (so energy can go from
chemical energy into potential energy but it
cannot be destroyed or created)
34
What happens during an endothermic reaction?
35
ENDO INAn endothermic reaction takes heat
in from the surroundings. Since the reaction
is taking heat away from the test tube the test
tube gets colder
36
What happens during an exothermic reaction?
37
Exo EXIT LEAVEHeat leaves the reaction and
goes to the surroundings (test tube)Test tube
gets hotter
38
Magnesium HCl is what type of reaction?
39
Exothermic the test tube felt hot in your hand
40
What did ammonium nitrate and water show? What
type of reaction?
41
The test tube felt cold in your hand so it was
endothermic. Ammonium nitrate and water took
heat from the test tube for its reaction, so the
test tube got colder.
42
Part II The leaf
43
What happens if a plant cannot keep water inside
its cells?
44
It dies!! Water keeps the cells upright/rigid and
allows the cell to perform photosynthesisNo
water DEATH FOR PLANT!
45
What is the waxy covering on top of the leaf that
prevents water evaporation and keeps water inside
the plant cells?
46
cuticle
47
What processes occur in plant cells?
48
Cell respiration and photosynthesis
49
Where does photosynthesis occur?
50
Chloroplasts (they look like green lima beans or
green kidney beans! Its like kermit the frog!!)
51
Wow this review is great I think Ill thank Ms
Lueken tomorrow )
52
What is the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf
for?
53
Epidermis is skin. So it protects the inside of
the leaf.
54
Name the 2 parts of the mesophyll
55
Palisade layer and spongy mesophyll
56
Why are the holes of the leaf on the bottom of
the leaf?
57
To prevent water loss. The underside of the leaf
is shady and there is less interaction with wind,
heat, etc. so less chance of losing water (the
underside of the leaf is more protected from the
weather)
58
What happens in the palisade layer?
59
Photosynthesis! Palisade is where chloroplasts
are. It is made up of tightly packed cells.
Theyre squeezed in there like sardines!
60
What is the spongy mesophyll for?
61
Its roomy it stores the gases needed for
photosynthesis (carbon dioxide) and created by
photosynthesis (oxygen)
62
What are the veins of the leaf? (xylem? Phloem?)
63
What are the veins of the leaf? (xylem? Phloem?)
64
Veins are the plumbing of the leaf. They carry
water and nutrients. There are 2 parts of the
vein1) xylem- carries water2) pholem- carries
nutrients (glucose)
65
What are stoma (stomata)?
66
They are tiny holes on the bottom of the leaf
(not visible without microscope) that allow gases
and water in and out of the leaf (remember gases
and water are needed for photosynthesis)
67
Do stoma (stomata) control what moves into and
out of the leaf?
68
No, they are just holes or openings. They are
space. They cannot control anything!
69
Wowthis review is getting better and better I
really should give Ms L a high five tomorrow when
I see her and I think ill go to that review
session tomorrow morning!
70
What are cells that can open or close and
therefore either let stuff in or keep stuff out
of the leaf?
71
Guard cells
72
What controls or regulates the gases and water
coming into and out of the leaf?
73
Guard cells
74
Guard cells- intertubeHole- stoma
75
Guard cell is the doughnut or is the
intertube(stoma is the doughnut hole.. Its just
space! You cant eat It!)
76
(No Transcript)
77
Plant cells
78
Do autotrophs or heterotrophs do photosynthesis?
79
Autotrophs! They use the sun to get their energy
to survive
80
What is photosynthesis?
81
Changing the energy from the sun with the
addition of water and carbon dioxide into a high
energy molecule called glucose, plus
oxygenWater carbon dioxide sunlight goes
into the plant (chloroplast) and the result is
glucose (which is stored in the plant) and oxygen
gas
82
I will come to the review session tomorrow
83
Does glucose have potential energy?
84
Yes. Glucose has bonds. To make it requires 6
carbons, 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygen atoms. Each
bond has potential energy
85
Why are plants good to have around?
86
They use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide is what cars produce and industry
and it leads to global warming and acid rain.
Trees/plants help us get rid of carbon dioxide.
Plus, plants give off oxygen which we need to
breathe
87
I think I will go thank a plant.
88
What is chlorophyll?
89
It is inside the chloroplast of a plant cell and
absorbs light (the visible light) from the
electromagnetic spectrum (all wavelengths of
energy- x-rays, radiowaves, microwaves, visible
light, UV rays)
90
What color will a green leaf NOT absorb?
91
Green (it absorbs all other colors)
92
Why do all living things need to do cell
respiration?
93
Cell respiration is how cells get ATP. ATP is
energy that a living thing can use to grow,
reproduce, repair damaged cells, moveWe need
to buy things. We couldnt use socks. A cell
needs ATP to do things. It cant use glucose or
protein or lipids.
94
Where does cell respiration occur?
95
Mitochondria. They are energy machines! The
mighty mitochondria. To be a living thing, you
need energyso you need a mitochondria!
96
What goes into the mitochondria during cell
respiration and what comes out?
97
Oxygen and glucose go into the mitochondria
during cell respiration38 ATP, water and carbon
dioxide come out (the products)
98
How do living things get glucose?
99
By digesting plant materials they have eaten or
by digesting animal materials (steak,
cheeseburgers, sausage) that ate plant materials
(your steak was once a living animal that ate
plants)
100
How are mitochondria and chloroplasts different?
101
They both look like kidneys or lima beans.
Chloroplasts are green and have stacks of
pancakes on the inside. Only in plant cells.
Mitochondria are not green and have wavy lines on
the inside. And are found in all living things
102
What type of cells do photosynthesis?
103
Plant cells
104
Part III Labs
105
Review the following labs1) gum drop lab2)
exothermic/endothermic lab (Mg HCl compared to
NH4NO3 water)3) raw v. cooked liver lab4)
mello jello lab 5) stains and detergent labs