Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab

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Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab

• BIOL 2405L

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Objectives

• Syllabus
• Lab 1 - Cardiovascular system (Heart)
• Anatomical orientation
• Composition of cardiovascular system and position
  of the heart
• Layers of the heart
• Heart chambers, valves, and vessels
• Flow of Blood Through the Heart

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Course Guideline

• Outline of labs
• Texts required
• Attendance
• Grading policy

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Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy

• Lab 1

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Anatomical orientation

• Anatomical Planes
• frontal (coronal), sagital, transverse
• Proximal vs distal
• Anterior vs posterior
• Superior vs inferior
• Medial vs lateral
• Superfical vs deep
• Ipsilateral vs contralateral

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Anatomical Planes
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Proximal Distal
Proximal vs Distal
Anterior vs Posterior
Posterior
Anterior
Superior
Superior vs Inferior
Inferior
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Medial vs Lateral
Superficial vs Deep
Superficial
Deep
Lateral
Medial
Ipsilateral vs Contralateral
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
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The cardiovascular system

• Heart
• Blood vessels
• arteries
• veins
• capillaries
• Blood

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Anatomical Position of the Heart

• What organs or tissues are around the heart?
• Anterior?
• Posterior?
• Left?
• Right?
• Superior?
• Inferior?

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Anatomical Position of the Heart
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Layers of the Heart
Superficial
Deep
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Layers of the Heart

• Endocardium
• deepest layer of the heart
• smooth lining to reduce friction of bloodflow
• Myocardium
• middle layer of the heart
• location of muscle fibers responsible for pumping

• Pericardium
• outer protective layer
• composed of
• visceral pericardium
• paricardial cavity
• parietal pericardium

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Cardiac Chambers
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
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Heart Chambers

• Atriums
• Receives blood from veins
• Empties blood into ventricles through the AV
  valves.
• Smaller, sac-like chambers of the heart

• Ventricles
• Receives blood from atriums through AV valves
• Pumps blood away from heart through the semilunar
  valves.
• Large, muscular chambers of the heart.

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Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary viens
Inferior Vena Cava
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Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
Systematic circuit

• Superior Vena Cava
• collects deoxygenated blood from upper body and
  delivers it to right atrium
• Inferior Vena Cava
• collects deoxygenated blood from lower body and
  delivers it to right atrium
• Aorta
• carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle
  to the rest of the body

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Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart
Pulmonary circuit

• Pulmonary arteries
• carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the
  right ventricle
• Pulmonary veins
• carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
  left atrium

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Valves
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right AV (tricuspid) valve
Aortic semilunar valve
Chordai tendineae Papillary muscle
Left AV (bicuspid) valve
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Valves of the Heart
Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves

• Right AV (Tricuspid)
• separates the right atrium from the right
  ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.
• Left AV (Bicuspid)
• separates the left atrium from the left
  ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium.

• Pulmonary valve
• separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary
  arteries. Prevents backflow after ventricular
  contraction.
• Aortic valve
• separates the left ventricle from the aorta.
  Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction .

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Heart Valve
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Blood Flow Through the Heart
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Summary

• Introduction
• Anatomical Orientation
• Cardiovascular System
• Heart Anatomy
• Blood Flow through the Heart
• Take home assignment
• Next week - Blood Vessels