Consortia and the Digital Library

1
November 12, 2004 Southeastern Michigan League of
Libraries (SEMLOL) Schoolcraft College, Livonia,
MI. Tom Sanville tom_at_ohiolink.edu
Before I refuse to take your questions, I have
an opening statement. Ronald Reagan
2
Ignorance is the mother of admiration. George
Chapman

• Why OhioLINK
• History and Rationale
• Organization
• Services and Results
• Resources

Few things are harder to put up with than a good
example. Mark Twain
3
The OhioLINK spark-

• Mid-1980s --- universities out of stack space
• 121million for next cycle of university
• library buildings
• OBR commissioned group for a solution

• Thus were born the five remote storage
• repositories
• and OhioLINK
• a legacy of the original Ohio College
• Library
  Center mission

Its a rare person who wants to hear what he
doesnt want to hear. Dick Cavett
4
1987 Library Study Committee ReportThree Major
Recds

• Creation of a Book Depository System for dense,
  off-site storage of library materials
• Mandate that the State of Ohio Implement, as
  expeditiously as possible, a statewide electronic
  catalog system.
• Appointment of a Steering Committee (consisting
  of librarians, faculty, administrators, and
  computer experts) to define the elements of such
  a system

5
If necessity is the mother of invention,
discontent is the father of progress. D
Rockefeller

• July 1986 Library Study Committee
• Sept 1987 LSC Recommendations
• Jan 1988 Steering Committee for OL
• Nov 1988 Planning Paper
• Dec 1989 Vision Paper
• Aug 1989 RFP for central/local cats
• June 1990 III selected
• Fall 1991 Gov board replaces Steer C
• Nov 1992 Central cat with 6 locals and 2 DBs
• Jan 1994 Patron-initiated circ start with 8
  locals

6
This 1989 planning paper called for the Ohio
program to be the most powerful statewide
library and information system in the
nation.Included in the vision were

• Better access to and coordination in purchasing
  of our shared collections
• Expanded access to electronic information
  resources
• Improved access to information infrastructure
• The promotion of improved scholarly
  communications
• Improved and advantageous economies in the
  purchase and use of electronic information
  resources

7
Bad business practices, if left uncorrected,
will drive out good business practices. Ralph
Nader
The problems facing libraries remain the same

• More information access is required to be
  relevant/successful
• Information resources are proliferating
• Information costs are growing faster than
  individual library budgets
• Libraries remain compelled to buy as much as
  possible
• Individual libraries cannot leverage
  significantly greater access on limited funds
• Libraries DID NOT, DO NOT and WILL NOT have all
  the information resources their patrons need

8
Learning is like rowing upstream not to advance
is to drop back. Chinese Saying

• To gain Economic leverage
• lowest unit prices, controlled costs
• increased economic bargaining power
• To gain Information Access leverage
• much, much more access
• To gain Operational leverage
• maximize use of computer investment
• Control and customize access to group needs
• be prepared for developments

9
High expectations are the key to everything.
Sam Walton

• User Empowerment rather than Mediation
• Abundant rather than Rationed Access
• Universal rather than Selective Access
• Immediate rather than Delayed Access
• Integrated rather than Segregated Access
• Leveraged Spending rather than Less
  Efficient Spending
• Progressive, vested interest Cooperation rather
  than parochial orientation

10
One of the most dangerous forms of human error
is forgetting what one is trying to achieve.
Paul Nitze

• Economically sustainable, increased student and
  faculty access to and use of library provided
  information to support and improve instruction
  and researchas a consortium

11
Legal Structure

• Authorized by the Ohio Board of Regents
• OBRs coordinating mission includes public and
  private higher education
• OBR specified the OL mission and ceded governance
  and administrative control to governing board
• OL funded through line item in state higher
  education capital and operating budgets
• Administered (but not governed) through Wright
  State University

12
OhioLINK Governance and Advisory Organization
8 public Us 1 private U 1 private C 3 two-year
CCs
Governing Board -13 provosts
Executive Director and staff
Technical Advisory Council
User Advisory Council
Library Advisory Council
Independent Colleges Library Directors
Coop Information Resources Mgmt
User Services
Community Colleges Library Directors
Inter-Campus Services
Database Mgmt and Standards
Med Lib Directors
Lead Implementers
Law Lib Directors
13
OhioLINK Organizational Chart
As of 9/14/2004
WSU Admin Agent
OSU Computer Center
Executive Director
Director - Library Systems
Office Manager
Commun- ications Manager
ADLS Computing Networking
ADLS Client/ Server Applications
SDLS Mult Media Systems
ADLS Database Management
ADLS User Services
Sr. Systems Developer
Office Assistant
OBR Grant Systems Developer
Systems Developer
Sr. Systems Engineer
Systems Engineer
Systems Developer
50 shared Systems Dev/Eng with OSC
5 Librarians ---- 7.5 Technical ---- 4.0
Admin/Other
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• MEMBERS
• State Library
• 44 private liberal arts colleges
• 23 public two-year colleges

• 2 standalone medical schools (7 total med)
• 2 private universities
• 13 public universities
• Includes 9 law

• 470,000 FTE 120 primary delivery sites

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FTE 470,600

• 87,200 Independent
• 100,700 Two-year
• 33,900 University Bs
• 246,300 University Ms
• 2,500 State Library
• (SLO FTE arbitrary)

• 138,046 2y Ugrad
• 268,534 4y Ugrad
• 10,612 Doctoral
• 4,408 Law
• 42,314 Masters
• 6,751 Medical

16
OhioLINK Array of Resources
On-Site CENTRAL CATALOG
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OhioLINK Array of Resources
On-Site CENTRAL CATALOG
On-Site ISI WoS
Web
DBs vendor
systems
On-Site Journal Citation DBs
REFERENCE/ RESEARCH DATABASES
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OhioLINK Array of Resources
ELECTRONIC JOURNALS
On-site Electronic Journal Center
Ebsco
On-Site CENTRAL CATALOG
On-Site ISI WoS
Web
DBs vendor
systems
On-Site Journal Citation DBs
REFERENCE/ RESEARCH DATABASES
22
EJC Publishers

• Apr 1998- Elsevier, Academic
  Press
• Feb 1999- MUSE
• Aug 1999- Kluwer, Springer-Verlag
• Sep 1999- Wiley, APS
• Apr 2000- MCB Press
• May 2000- RSC
• June 2000- IOP
• July 2000- ACS
• Sep 2000- AIP
• Jan 2001- Blackwell Pubs
• Feb 2001- Thieme
• Mar 2001- Blackwell Sci

• Sep 2001- BioOne
• Aug 2002- ACM
• Nov 2002- OSA
• Dec 2002- Berkeley E Press
• Jan 2003- Ingenta (12-15 pubs)
• Apr 2003- Oxford UP, Cambridge UP
• Sep 2003- APA
• Feb 2004- Sage 4 colltns
• July 2004- Sage 2 colltns
• Currently- 5800 ISSNs 300,000 issues 5
  million articles

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OhioLINK Array of Resources
ELECTRONIC JOURNALS
On-site Electronic Journal Center
Ebsco
On-Site CENTRAL CATALOG
On-Site E- Theses Dissert.
On-site E-books full
text literature
E-books vendor systems

On-Site ISI WoS
Web
DBs vendor
systems
On-Site Journal Citation DBs
REFERENCE/ RESEARCH DATABASES
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
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OhioLINK Array of Resources
On Site DIGITAL MEDIA CENTER Images,
data, audio, video
ELECTRONIC JOURNALS
On-site Electronic Journal Center
Vendor images
Ebsco
Vendor videos
On-Site CENTRAL CATALOG
Institutional images
Institutional
videos and audio
On-Site E- Theses Dissert.
On-site E-books full
text literature
E-books vendor systems

On-Site ISI WoS
Web
DBs vendor
systems
On-Site Journal Citation DBs
REFERENCE/ RESEARCH DATABASES
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
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OhioLINK Array of Resources
On Site DIGITAL MEDIA CENTER Images,
data, audio, video
ELECTRONIC JOURNALS
On-site Electronic Journal Center
Vendor images
Ebsco
Vendor videos
On-Site CENTRAL CATALOG
Remote Authentication
Institutional images
Institutional
OLinks
videos and audio
On-Site E- Theses Dissert.
On-site E-books full
text literature
Subject Clusters
Chat Reference
E-books vendor systems

On-Site ISI WoS
Web
DBs vendor
systems
On-Site Journal Citation DBs
REFERENCE/ RESEARCH DATABASES
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
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Leveraging the Technology

• Central Cat - Patron-Initiated borrowing
• Local load - Common database interfaces
• MDBS Subject Cluster searches
• Remote User Authentication
• OLinks journal resolver (home-grown SFX)
• Local load for EJC/EBC/ETD/Chat Reference
• Single site for DMC-DRC-IR and expanded e-pub

Even if youre on the right track, youll get
run over if you just sit there. Will Rogers
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Libraries Connect Ohio Towards the SCEC
State Government
Common Information Needs
K-12
Public Libraries
Higher Education
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Libraries Connect Ohio Towards the SCEC

• Making economically impossible universal access
  possible
• Ebsco array of Databases/full text - from
  current LCO partner funds
• Sanborn maps
• DMC Freebies
• Hosting digital videos
• LSTA F2003 F2007 Grant 1M/year
• Chad-Healey family of literature collections
• Newsbank family of Ohio and Natl Npapers
• Oxford Ref Online family of resources
• Britannica family of encyclopedias
• AMICO museum images
• Architecture for Ohio Resource Sharing System
• Like tos- Digital Video licensing, more business
  sector access

35
OhioLINK Central Funding 2 yr budgets

• Capital FYs 89-92 9.2 million
• FYs 93-94 10.8
  million
• FYs 95-96 6.8
  million
• FYs 97-98 5.0
  million
• FYs 99-00
  6.3 million
• FYs 01-02 7.5
  million
• FYs 03-04 8.2
  million
• FYs 05-06 8.1 -9.0
  million
• Operating FYs 90-91 .4 million
• FYs 92-93 1.7 million
• FYs 94-95 4.4
  million
• FYs 96-97 8.8
  million
• FYs 98-99
  11.5 million
• FYs 00-01
  14.6 million
• FYs 02-03 14.2
  million
• FYs 04-05 13.8
  million
• FYs 06-07 13.8-15.1
  million

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Central Funding pays for

• All central staff and GA expenses
• All central hardware and software systems to
  support statewide services
• All central hardware and software maintenance
• All ILL courier and bag/material costs
• All initial Innovative systems for public
  institutions plus RetroCon and Auth Control
• Continuing III software and maintenance where
  needed for statewide cooperation
• Database license costs see detail slide

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Cost Effective Purchasing Power

• Costs controlled with expanded 2x-10x rather than
  diminished content
• Costs controlled below market averages

8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
6.9
5.5
6.1
4.5
3.9
2.4
1.8
1.7
2001 vs 2000
2002 vs 2001
2003 vs 2002
2004 vs 2003
Average Annual Journal Cost Increase for Typical
Academic Research College Library
Average Annual Cost Increase for Journals
Licensed Through OhioLINK
Average Annual Cost Increase for Reference DBs
Licensed Through OhioLINK
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Where does the money to license electronic
content come from in F2004?

• Libraries 23.8 million
• 19.3 MM E-journals
• 4.5 MM all other
• OL 8.1 million
• 4.6 MM E-journals
• 3.5 MM all other

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Cost of Comprehensive Statewide Access
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Content Funding Models
Why not upset the apple cart? If you dont, the
apples will rot anyway. Frank Clark

• 100 Central
• Split central/library - multi-database War Chests
  or NPR
• Split central/library single database War
  Chests or NPR
• Mostly library/some central multi or single war
  chest or NPR
• 100 library war chests, NPR, or PTP

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Content Funding ModelsWar chests, NPR, PTP

• PTP to play you pay
• War Chests all pay all access
• NPR - Some pay all access
• WC/NPR cost to library is less than PTP cost
• Those who do/would PTP participate in NPR
• PTP commitments must at least equal Group Price.
  If so, PTPNPR
• Group PTP/NPR never exceeds Group Price

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E-Books Digital Media Center
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Why dont ?? act together more often?

• Legacy of the print world - everyone is an island
  limited dynamics of print information use
• Everyone is a unique island and buys as an island
  a very rationed island
• Legacy of the print world Gatekeeper versus
  Gateway mentality
• The vendors own pricing schedules also
  legacies
• Control and independence its all local
• Politics its all local
• Timing the water is over the dam
• Timing we dont think or act long term

People who think they know everything are very
irritating to those of us who do. Unknown
52
To learn is no easy matter and to apply what one
has learned even harder. Mao Tse-Tung

• Improved economics and new usage dynamics
  overwhelm library differences
• Politics of money and control can be overcome
• Short-term Consortia buy more effectively the
  big carrot
• Long-term Consortia must be willing to break bad
  buying habits - the big stick

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You cant build a reputation on what you are
going to do. Henry Ford

• Statewide program approach works
• Wide participant mix helps
• More central funding than most but not as much
  as some think
• More centralized negotiation and admin
• More economically transforming approaches
• More self-run systems and integration

54
So, whats in your wallet and how do you want to
spend it?
Let others praise ancient times, I am glad I was
born in these. Ovid

• Questions/Discussion