Millennium Development Goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty

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Millennium Development GoalsA compact among
nations to end human poverty

• Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
• Director
• Human Development Report Office

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Selected highlights

• Why the MDGs are important
• Focus support on priority countries
• Tackle structural obstacles
• a Compact among rich and poor nations is
  imperative

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Why MDGs are imporant

• MDGs will not be achieved at present pace of
  progress in many countries.
• Trends in the 1990s show reversals.
• Present pace is neither acceptable nor
  inevitable.
• MDGs challenge us to ask - What will it take to
  achieve the goals.

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Reversals in the HDI more in the 1990s
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Regional Trends in the HDI
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Regional Trends in Income per capita
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Reversals in HD indicators in the 1990s
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Life expectancy and income in SSA
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Disparities in child health widening between rich
and poor countries..

• How many more times likely a child is to die than
  in a high income OECD country

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Great progress in a short time is possible
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People in urgent need

• In two types of countries
• low human development and overall slow progress
  or reversals (priority countries)
• medium human development and uneven progress
  growing gaps with pockets of entrenched poverty

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China GDP per capita by county (2001)
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The poverty trap

• Sustainable development is possible when minimum
  thresholds are reached in
• Governance
• Education and health
• Infrastructure
• Access to markets

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Structural obstacles

• Geography size and location of country,
  affecting disease patterns, vulneratiblity to
  natural dissasters, size of the domestic market
  and distance to global markets.
• Access to global markets, debt, global diseases.
• External resources and policy action needed
  before economic growth generates domestic savings.

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The Compact

• the Compact builds on the Millennium Declaration,
  Doha, Monterrey and WSSD the deal struck for a
  performance-based claim to additional support
• Poor countries to demonstrate policy and
  institutional reforms for more effective
  governance
• Rich countries to deliver on goal 8

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Goal 8 Rich country policies

• More and more effective aid
• Debt relief
• Technology
• Trade
• Goal 8 weakest goal, with no deadlines and
  quantitative targets

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Goal 8 Aid and Debt relief

• Additional aid required estimate minimum 50
  billion
• 7 HIPCs reached completion point
• More sustainable relief needed

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Goal 8 Market access

• Level playing field in international trade rules
  
• market access
• eliminate subsidies

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Rich country responsibilities

• Aid and Debt

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Rich country responsibilities

• Trade

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Set dates and targets for

• Increase ODA to fill financing gaps
• Rome Declaration on Harmonization
• Remove barriers on developing country exports
• Remove agricultural export subsidies
• Compensatory financing facility for HIPCs
• Finance further debt reduction for HIPCs
• TRIPS agreement protection and remuneration