Where will you find RoHS Proscribed Materials

1
Where will you find RoHS Proscribed Materials?
2
Lead where is it found?

• The major application of lead is in solder but it
  is also used in a number of other electronics
  applications
• As a component of etch resists in the PCB
  fabrication process
• As a solderable finish on circuit boards eg HASL
  tin-lead finish
• As a component solderable finish
• In high temperature alloys used in hierarchical
  soldering and die attach
• In electroceramics such as lead titanate for
  transducers

3
Exemptions for Lead

• Lead in CRTs, electronic components fluorescent
  tubes
• Lead in high melting point solders (gt85 Pb)
• Lead in solders used in servers, storage
  storage arrays (until 2010) and in network
  infrastructure
• Lead as an alloying element in Steel (lt0.35),
  Aluminium (lt0.4), Copper (lt4)

4
Mercury where is it found?

• The major applications for mercury are in
• Lighting eg fluorescent tubes (20 - 50 mg/tube)
  and vapour lamps
• Batteries used in a range of batteries including
  zinc carbon and alkaline but decreasing, use in
  mercuric oxide batteries continues
• Control Instruments - used in manometers,
  thermometers
• Thermostats
• Switches - mercury tilt switches

5
Cadmium where is it found?

• The major intentional applications of cadmium are
  in
• Ni-Cd batteries - cadmium hydroxide is used as
  an electrode material
• Pigments - bright yellow to deep red pigments in
  plastics etc
• Stabilisers - to help retard the thermal and UV
  degradation of PVC
• Coatings - corrosion protection and low
  resistivity
• Alloys - improves hardness and wear resistance
• Electronic compounds - eg CdTe in IR detectors,
  CdS in Photocells

6
Analysis of a Spade Terminal
7
EDAX on Brazing Metal
8
Hexavalent Chromium where is it found?

• Hexavalent chromium is used to passivate the
  surfaces of zinc and zinc alloy electrodeposits
• It gives a thin film providing benefits such as
  colour, abrasion resistance and increased
  corrosion protection
• When damaged, the films possess a unique self
  healing property

9
Analysis of a Solenoid Valve
10
EDAX on a PC Transducer
11
RoHS Proscribed Flame Retardants

• Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) two
  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)
• used in cables, connectors, housings,
• risk of highly toxic dioxin and furan generation
  inhibits recycling
• Penta and Octa - BDEs are included in the ban
• Deca - BDE is undergoing a separate risk
  assessment
• The brominated flame retardants used in PCBs are
  not covered by the ban (yet?)

12
How can we tell where RoHS Materials are?

• Understanding where banned materials may occur
  can be difficult and challenging
• Need to develop a close dialogue with your
  suppliers
• May need to go further back along the supply
  chain
• How can you test materials for compliance and
  what are the tests that need to be made?
• For lead there may be a marking scheme under
  review

13
Testing

• Analysing samples can be difficult seek expert
  help
• May need specialist chemical knowledge and
  equipment
• Some simple tests now becoming available
• Your free lead test pen!

Pink colour indicates lead is present
14
Questions?