Water Quality

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Water Quality

• Completing Lab 8

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Reminder - Whats Due for Lab 8

• Full Lab Report (One per Group)
• Title Abstract
• start with catchy title and list of authors
• Abstract - concise summary of the project(lt250
  words)
• write this last
• Introduction (what you did and why) Background
• What question are you trying to answer?
• What do you hope to learn?
• Why is this work important (significance)
• Include a map of the area (even a basic sketch
  map to show the sites would be useful)

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Reminder - Whats Due for Lab 8

• (c) Methods (description of how you did the
  experiment)
• Describe how you did the study be thorough
  (include what did not work)
• Explain enough so that people could repeat your
  research

(d) Results (your data what you found out)
including tables and graphs of data Tables/Graphs
to Include v?Table summarizing all of the data
collected at the stream sites (and the stream
discharge calculated below). (One per
group) v?Carefully drawn profile of the section
of stream your team measured. Be sure to include
all of the component of a figure, including
figure number, title, scale, key (if required).
Above the sketch of the stream include a graph
(draw to the same scale as the stream) showing
water velocity. (One per person) v?Any other
Tables or graphs you think help illustrate your
data
Discuss all the data collected by the class
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Reminder - Whats Due for Lab 8
(e) Results (your data what you found out)
including tables and graphs of data Tables/Graphs
to Include v?Table summarizing all of the data
collected at the stream sites (and the stream
discharge calculated below). (One per
group) v?Carefully drawn profile of the section
of stream your team measured. Be sure to include
all of the component of a figure, including
figure number, title, scale, key (if required).
Above the sketch of the stream include a graph
(draw to the same scale as the stream) showing
water velocity. (One per person) v?Any other
Tables or graphs you think help illustrate your
data
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Calculating Stream Discharge
Remember, stream discharge is the volume of water
flowing downstream per unit of time (usually
seconds). It can be approximated by
multiplying Stream width (m) x Average stream
depth (m) x Average velocity (m/s) Make sure
that all your units are in meters (not
cm)! Example 1.5 m x 0.3 m x 2.5 m/s 1.1 m3/s
Note sig figs!
Expect your number to be small.
An accurate measurement would require the use of
calculus to determine the true area of the stream
channel.
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Stream Profile Graph
Include all the components of a figure/graph
Include velocity and depth on the same chart
OK to list depth as a (-) value to get the graph
to look this way
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Reminder - Whats Due for Lab 8

• (e) Discussion (what your results mean)
• Explain the results trends, patterns,
  predictions from your data
• Use the Questions provided in this section
• Compare data from different days and from
  upstream vs downstream
• Future studies? - What still needs to be done?
• (f) References (your sources)
• (g) Appendix
• Raw data sheets
• What each team member contributed
• As a general guideline, your report should be
  between 4-6 double-spaced, typed pages (not
  including figures and tables). Team members
  should compile all the written parts of the
  report into one file and format them the same, so
  that the report is consistently formatted
  throughout.

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Questions to Think About
1. What factors affect the velocity of the water
at the site you measured? 2. Calculate the
discharge at each of the locations. First, use
the average depth of the stream to calculate the
cross-sectional area of the stream, where Cross
Sectional Area(A) Width(W) x Depth(D). (For
bonus credit, use calculus to determine the true
cross sectional area of the stream.) To get
discharge, multiple the cross sectional area (A)
you calculated above times the average velocity
(V). 3. Based on the look of the stream channel,
do you think the discharge you calculated is
average, above average or below average? Explain
how you determine this. 4. How do these sites
compare with examples in your readings for each
of the variables (pH, DO, etc.) measured (i.e.,
are your measurements higher than average or
lower than average)? 5. If any of the measured
values seem high or low, explain what may be
causing these variations from the norm. (Think
about the conditions of the stream.) 6. How do
the physical and chemical properties differ
between the sites we sampled? How do they differ
between Sample A (water retention pond in
Issaquah) and Sample B (Soap Lake in Easter
Washington) that we observed in the lab. Explain
and differences. 7. Are these sites healthy
(could they support a healthy ecosystem)?
Explain your answer. 8. If an environmental group
was trying to reintroduce salmon to these
streams, what recommendations would you make to
improve water quality for salmon before
reintroduction? 9. A full study of these streams
would involve sampling throughout the year.
Explain why discharge, percent oxygen saturation,
and nitrate levels may change throughout the
year. Do you think the values we measured for
these variables was high or low compared with
summer values? 10. What does all this mean for
the City of Bellevue?
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Class Data 1

• Numbers in red appear to be outliers and may be
  related to problems with sensors/probes.
• Id suggest that looking at averages and standard
  deviations the entire data set AND for each day
  and location may help understand how the sights
  are similar or different.

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Class Data 2

• I do not have discharge data from all the groups.
  If we do not meet on Wednesday, please email me
  this information and I will post it. If we are
  not able to collect and share this info, use your
  discharge value only.

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Due by 1230 PM Monday, December 4th(in
L200)Dont let your team down!