Exercise Psychology 2006

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Exercise Psychology 2006
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Impression Management Social Physique Anxiety
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I joined a health club last year and spent
about 400. I have not lost a single pound yet!
Apparently you have to show up.
                  
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Lack of Exercise

• Need to assess factors influencing exercise
  abstinence / withdrawal

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Variations in Exercise Investment

• Barriers
• Lack of Interest
• Work Commitments
• Other Interests
• Discomfort
• Lack of Social Support
• Boredom

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Variations inExercise Investment

• Impression management
• also known as
• Self-presentation
• Involves processes by which people monitor and
  control how they are perceived by others
  (Schlenker, 1980)

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Self-Presentation Components
IMPRESSION MOTIVATION
IMPRESSION CONSTRUCTION

• Goals
• Value of goals
• Discrepancy between
• desired and present
• image

• Self-concept
• Current image
• Potential image

(Leary Kowalski, 1990)
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Self-Presentation Styles

• Acquisitive
• Getting ahead
• Protective
• Getting along (interpersonal evaluation
  apprehension)

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Self-PresentationResponses

• Stage Fright
• Embarrassment
• Speech impediments
• Blushing
• Shyness
• Forgetfulness
• Procrastination
• Anxiety

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Social Physique Anxiety(SPA)

• A subtype of social anxiety that occurs as a
  result of the prospect or presence of
  interpersonal evaluation involving ones
  physique
• (Hart, Leary, Rejeski, 1989, p.96)

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Social Physique Anxiety
Exercise Competence
Exercise Investment
Self-Presentation Confidence
Exercise Enjoyment
Social Physique Anxiety
Trait Anxiety
Exercise Location
Gender
Eating Disorders
Body Composition
Body Concerns
Self-Esteem
Behavioural Inhibition
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Conceptual Understanding of Social Physique
Anxiety

• SPA due to interaction of
• appraisal of demands of situation
• personal resources to cope with demands
• potential impact of failure to meet demands
• personal meaning assigned to that outcome
  
• (Lazarus, 1999)

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Conceptual Understanding ofSocial Physique
Anxiety
Secondary Appraisal
Primary Appraisal
Cognitive Appraisal
Threat
SPA
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Perfectionism
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Burns (1980)Definition of Perfectionism
The compulsive and unremitting pursuit of
impossible goals where self-worth is defined by
productivity and accomplishment
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Normal Perfectionism

• striving for high standards and challenges
• persistence in the face of difficulty
• highly committed
• deriving pleasure from doing well

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Neurotic Perfectionism

• driven by intense need to avoid failure
• accomplishments never adequate
• dichotomous thinking
• failure equates to lack of self-worth

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PerfectionismAssociations

• Excessive self-criticism
• Feelings of failure
• Guilt
• Shame
• Low self-esteem
• Irrational thinking
• Trait and state anxiety

• Social anxiety
• Job stress
• Distorted body image
• Depression
• Eating disorders
• Suicide
• Intense rumination

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• Perfectionism is one
• individual difference factor that influences the
• appraisal process

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Perfectionism, Social Physique Anxiety, and
Exercise

• Possible consequences