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BLOOD

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1. transport nutrients to cells and remove wastes. ... deficit pernicious anemia. erythropoietin. hormone synthesized by kidney ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: BLOOD


1
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood group

2
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood group

3
Body fluid
  • 40 solid matter
  • - 60 of fluid
  • - 2\3 intracellular
  • - 1\3 extracellular
  • - 80 interstitial
  • - 20 circulation

4
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood group

5
Blood Functions
  • 1. transport nutrients to cells and remove
    wastes.
  • 2. regulation of temperature, pH, osmotic
    pressure, glucose, calcium...
  • 3. protection fight infection (white blood
    cells)

6
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood group

7
Hematocrit
8
Hematocrit
9
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • a- Plasma
  • b- Formed elements
  • b1- Erythrocyte
  • b2- Leukocyte
  • b3- Thrombocyte
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood group

10
Plasma composition
  • plasma - yellowish clear liquid, composed of
    water, proteins and other solutes.
  • Water 90
  • Proteins (all synthesized by the liver)
    (almost 10)
  • Albumin 54, regulates osmotic pressure
  • Globulins 38, alpha and beta globulins in
    transport, gamma globulins in defense
    (antibodies)
  • Fibrinogen 7, coagulation
  • Other solutes (less than 1)
  • Electrolytes - Na, K, Ca, Mg
  • Nutrients - glucose, amino acids, fatty acids,
    monoglycerides ...
  • Gases - O2, N2, CO2
  • Regulatory substance - hormones, enzymes
  • Vitamins
  • Wastes
  •  

11
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • a- Plasma
  • b- Formed elements (hematopoiesis)
  • b1- Erythrocyte
  • b2- Leukocyte
  • b3- Thrombocyte
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood group

12
Hematopoiesis
13
Blood cells Formed Elements
14
Erythrocytes
  • 99 of formed elements
  • bag" filled with hemoglobin (15g/100ml of blood)
  • about 4 to 5 millions RBC per mm3 blood
  • Carry oxygen
  •    

15
Erythropoiesis
  • In red bone marrow (all hematopoiesis)
  • Hemocytoblast ? Reticulocyte (nucleated)
  • Last stage erythrocytes (lost nucleus)

16
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • a- Plasma
  • b- Formed elements
  • b1- Erythrocyte
  • b2- Leukocyte
  • b3- Thrombocyte
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood group

17
Hemoglobin
  • Globin Heme
  • Globin 2 alpha 2 beta chains
  • Heme porphyrin ring Fe
  • Carry oxygen to tissues

18
Life cycle of a RBC
19
Factors influencing RBC synthesis
  • Presence of nutrients
  • Proteins ? globin
  • Iron
  • vitamin B-12 (found in food)
  • Intrinsic factor
  • secreted in stomach
  • promotes absorption of Vit B-12 in the duodenum
  • deficit? pernicious anemia
  • erythropoietin
  • hormone synthesized by kidney
  • decreased blood O2 stimulates secretion of
    erythropoietin by the kidney.
  • stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBCs
  • Applications altitude sickness - athlete
    training - blood doping

20
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • a- Plasma
  • b- Formed elements
  • b1- Erythrocyte
  • b2- Leukocyte
  • b3- Thrombocyte
  • III- Hemostasis
  • - Vasospasm
  • b- Platelet plug formation
  • c- Coagulation
  • d- Clot retraction and fibrinolysis
  • IV- Blood group
  • a- ABO blood group
  • b- Rhesus blood group

21
Leukopoiesis
22
Leukocytes
  • granular leukocytes
  • - neutrophils - 70 - phagocytosis of
    bacteria, debris work within the blood
    vessels
  • - Eosinophils - 3 - destroy parasites
  • - Basophils - allergic reactions (mast cells in
    tissues)
  • agranular leukocytes
  • - lymphocytes - 20, form antibodies
  • B-lymph (bone marrow)
  • T-lymph (bone gt thymus)
  • - monocytes - phagocytosis of bacteria and
    debris (macrophages in tissues)
  •  

23
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • a- Plasma
  • b- Formed elements
  • b1- Erythrocyte
  • b2- Leukocyte
  • b3- Thrombocyte
  • III- Hemostasis
  • - Vasospasm
  • b- Platelet plug formation
  • c- Coagulation
  • d- Clot retraction and fibrinolysis
  • IV- Blood group
  • a- ABO blood group
  • b- Rhesus blood group

24
Thrombocytes - Platelets
  • Derived from megakaryoblasts
  • Bits of cytoplasm
  • Full of chemical
  • 200 000 mm3
  • Role Platelet plug formation

25
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • a- Plasma
  • b- Formed elements
  • b1- Erythrocyte
  • b2- Leukocyte
  • b3- Thrombocyte
  • III- Hemostasis
  • a- Vasospasm
  • b- Platelet plug formation
  • c- Coagulation
  • d- Clot retraction and fibrinolysis
  • IV- Blood group
  • a- ABO blood group
  • b- Rhesus blood group

26
Hemostasis
  • Definition Ability of the body to stop bleeding.
  • Four phases
  • 1- Vasospasm
  • 2- Platelet plug formation
  • 3- Coagulation
  • 4- Clot Retraction

27
Step 1 Vasospasm
  • Local effect
  • Reflex
  • Due to smooth vessels in blood vessels
  • Goal to decrease amount of bleeding

28
Step 2 Platelet plug
  • Platelets
  • - change shape
  • - become sticky
  • - release chemicals
  • - among them serotonin

29
Step 3 Coagulation
  • Transform fibrinogen into strand of fibrin
  • Two pathways
  • Extrinsic pathway
  • Intrinsic pathway

30
Extrinsic and Intrinsic coagulation pathways
31
BLOOD
  • A - BODY FLUIDS
  • B - BLOOD
  • I- Function
  • II- Composition
  • III- Hemostasis
  • IV- Blood groups

32
Blood Types
  • Many blood types
  • Due to proteins present on the surface on the RBC
  • In some case, presence of antibodies in the
    plasma
  • Examples ABO, Rh, MN

33
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34
Rh blood type
  • Rh
  • -Rh protein present on the RBCs
  • - no antibody ever present in the plasma
  • Rh -
  • no protein on the RBCs, no antibody anti-Rh in
    the blood BUT the person can manufacture them if
    they are exposed to them
  • RH more common (85)

35
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36
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37
Readings
  • Chp 15
  • Entire chp blood groups (seen in class)
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