Salt kits poster Salt 2000

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Food Engineering and and its role
in International Development
Levente L. Diosady Ph.D., P.Eng Professor Depar
tment of Chemical Engineering and Applied
Chemistry University of Toronto
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Food engineering deals with the application of
chemical engineering principles to the large
scale processing of food
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The world is not short of food Chemical
engineering advances Haber process pesticides in
creased the food supply 5 fold since 1900 Famine
is the result of distribution and post-harvest
losses
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The lack of three key micronutrients iodine
iron vitamin A adversely affect the health of
more than 2 billion people
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The lack of iodine results in goiters loss of
energy retarded physical and mental
development
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The lack of iron results in anemia loss of
energy reduced work capacity reduced disease
resistance increased maternal mortality
impaired development
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The lack of Vitamin A results in . poor dark
adaptation blindness reduced disease
resistance increased child mortality impaired
development
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The quantity and cost of micronutrients is
minimal iodine 150µg/day lt.05/year iron
10-15mg/day 5/year Vitamin A 1mg/day
1/year protecting it may cost up to 50
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Micronutrients can be made available by improved
diet supplementation fortification
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Improving the diet is the ultimate solution to
poor nutrition. It is slow and expensive since it
requires education change in
agriculture social change cultural change
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Supplementation of the diet works. It is
expensive since it requires medical
infrastructure regular administration education
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Fortification is immediate and inexpensive since
it requires minimal or no education no change
in agriculture no social changes no cultural
changes It is transparent to the consumer
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Salt is an ideal carrier for micronutrients it
is manufactured its daily consumption is
independent of economic status So why do we not
fortify salt with all micronutrients?
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Understand Chemistry
Eliminate Iron-iodine interaction
Define consumer needs
Fix size problem
Pilot test encapsulation
Select bioavailable iron form
Pilot test agglomeration
Test Acceptability
Test Effectiveness
Production test
Field trials
Technology Transfer
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Final solution Agglomerate ferrous fumarate with
dextrin Coat with titanium dioxide Overcoat with
stearine
Ferrous fumarate core
TiO 2 in stearine
Stearine overcoat
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PERCENT CHILDREN ANAEMIC (Hblt11g/dl)BASELINE
VERSUS 8TH MONTH
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We have transferred the technology to India 3.6
million children will receive DFS
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Effective approaches to the eradication of
diseases in the developing world will require
interdisciplinary approaches, using education in
nutrition and medicine and to deliver these we
will need to develop and use appropriate
engineering technology
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Food Engineering

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The lack Vitamin C results in . Scurvy
bleeding gums scarred connective tissues
reduced disease resistance death
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The lack Vitamin B12 results in . pernicious
anemia tiredness lowered work apacity
reduced disease resistance
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The lack Vitamin D results in . rickets in its
extreme forms skin problems weakened
bones increased chance of osteoporosis
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In the developing world 250 000 to 500 000
vitamin A-deficient children become blind every
year 50 die within a year of
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We in North America can obtain all of
our micronutrients from a varied diet