Sources of Material

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Sources of Material

• The Vaccine Book. 2005. B. Bloom P-H Lambert
  eds. Academic Press, NY.
• The Pink Book-CDC
• Google -Vaccines, CDC, FDA, WHO
• Any recent text of immunology

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Behavioral Objectives

• List and explain the roles of 5 factors that
  contribute to the success of a vaccine program.
• Distinguish between goals of diease containment,
  disease elimination and disease eradication
• Discuss the roles played by surveillance of
  immunization programs..

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Impact of Vaccines on Infectious Disease
Epidemiology

• Vaccine programs are aimed at reducing the
  frequency of infectious disease

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• Success is dependent upon
• -biological properties of the organism
• -epidemiology of disease
• -immunization strategy employed
• -vaccine coverage
• -duration of vaccine-induced immunity
• -ability of resulting immunity to be boosted by
  
• -natural exposure
• -development of enabling policies.

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Vaccine-PREVENTABLE Diseases Anthrax
Pneumococcal Cervical Cancer
Poliomyelitis Diphtheria Rabies Hepatitis
A Rotavirus Hepatitis B Rubella
Haemophilus influenzae type b Shingles
Human Papillomavirus Smallpox
Tetanus Influenza Tuberculosis Japanese
Encephalitis Typhoid Fever Lyme Disease
Varicella Measles Yellow Fever Meningococca
l Monkeypox Mumps Pertussis )
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Aim of Vaccination Policies

• Disease containment
• Disease elimination
• Disease eradication

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Surveillance of Immunization Programs

• Measure vaccine application and epidemiological
  impact when compared to pre-vaccination period.
• Determine vaccine safety to assess risk benefit
  of program.
• Laboratory confirmation of suspected cases

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Making Implementing Policy Decisions

• Advisory committee on immunization
  practices(ACIP)
• -a panel of 15 experts who are appointed by the
  Sec, Health Human Services
• -The overall goals of the ACIP are to provide
  advice that will lead to a reduction in the
  incidence of vaccine preventable diseases in the
  United States, and an increase in the safe use of
  vaccines and related biological products.

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Ways in which biological properties of the
disease and vaccine impact strategy

• Tetanus
• Measles
• Pertussis

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Role of biometrics mathematical modeling to
guide immunization policy
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