AsphaltBased Porous Pavements

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Asphalt-Based Porous Pavements

• Howard Marks
• Director, Regulatory Affairs
• National Asphalt Pavement Association

in conjunction with Cahill Associates,
Environmental Consultants
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Early Asphalt Binders and Pavements

• First record Babylon around 625 B.C
• TLA discovered ca. 1500s
• Asphalt refined from crude oil during late 1800s
• First asphalt pavements in US late 1800s

Early Paving Pennsylvania Ave.
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
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HMA Pavements Today

• Dense graded
• Historically used for structural integrity
• Open Graded (Porous)
• OGFC used as surface course since 1970s
• Increases drainage and reduces splash/overspray
  and sound
• ATPB used as drainage layer below pavement
• Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA)
• High AC content, durable, impervious

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OGFC on Freeway
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Changing Views

• OGFC successful in dispersing water for safer
  pavement
• Engineers and city planners developing other
  applications for using porous pavements
• Stormwater runoff historically managed using
  detention basins
• Controls peak runoff flow rate but not peak/total
  volume
• Stormwater runoff can be better managed using
  porous pavements
• Stand-alone or in combination with other Best
  Mgmt Practices e.g., forestry/vegetation,
  river-rock curbs

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Porous Pavement

• What is it?
• Asphalt in which fine particles are kept to a
  minimum thereby increasing air voids
• Why?
• This allows rainfall to drain through the
  pavement rather than running off
• Where does the rainfall go?
• A bed beneath the pavement receives rainfall from
  the pavement as well as inflow from other areas

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Porous Pavement with Recharge Bed
Pervious Asphalt
River Jacks Open Into Recharge Bed
Stone Bed w/ 40 Void Space For Storage/Recharge
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Porous asphalt pavement

• Developed by the Franklin Institute 1972
• Tested in pilot projects during 1970s
• Hundreds of projects completed since 1980
• Universities, Industrial lots and now,
  communities and high-traffic roadways
• Highly successful in managing stormwater runoff

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Construction of Porous Pavement/Recharge Bed
Systems
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Diagram of infiltration bed at Morris Arboretum
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Morris Arboretum Philadelphia,constructed in 1984
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Stone Recharge Bed

• Place clean, single size, washed aggregate.
• Do not drive trucks on fabric
• Spread and grade with tracked equipment.
• Light compaction - static
• Protect pipes

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Choker Course

• Place Choker course ½ clean washed
  aggregate.
• Locks-up surface for stable paving platform
• 1 2 thick
• Grade and compact

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Paving and Compaction

• Paving as usual recommend track paver
• Minimize truck movement over aggregate
• Static compaction

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Standard Pavement
Porous Pavement
Univ. NC addl parking lot constructed ca. 2002
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Effect of Detention Peak Rate may be Controlled
but Volume Increase is Not Mitigated
Discharge volume
Time
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Comparison of Detention vs. Infiltration System
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Benefits of Porous Pavement

• Economic
• Reduces/Eliminates the land space consumed by
  conventional detention facilities
• Helps prevent excessive flooding and minimizes
  need for control measures
• Aesthetic
• Eliminates the need for unsightly detention
  basins
• Preserves areas such as woods/open space
• Environmental
• Limits peak stormwater discharge and improves
  water quality of any runoff
• Reduces amount of impervious surfaces

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Additional Views and Applications

• OGFC successful in dispersing water for safer
  roadway pavement (quieter pavement also)
• Porous asphalt pavements used to better manage
  stormwater runoff from parking lots
• Controls peak flow rate and volume improves
  water quality
• What about building roadways with full-depth
  porous asphalt pavements?
• Arizona DOT experimental sections (1986)

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Typical Section of AZ DOTs Experimental Porous
Pavement
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20 years later, holding-up fine near Phoenix AZ
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Other Applications?

• OGFC successful in dispersing water for safer
  roadway pavement (quieter pavement also)
• Porous asphalt pavements used to better manage
  stormwater runoff from parking lots
• Controls peak flow rate and volume
• Full-depth porous asphalt pavements are sturdy
  and manage stormwater
• Can porous asphalt pavement reduce surface temp?

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Using porous asphalt pavement to mitigate UHI
thermal radiation
Below grade w/ sound walls
Above grade w/ landscape
¾ inch asphalt OGFC over dense-graded pavement
Below grade w/ sound walls
Satellite imagery and information courtesy of
Ariz. State Univ., Intl Inst. For Sustainability