Personality

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Personality
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Trait approach

• Traits- an aspect of personality that is
  considered to be reasonably stable.
• Trait theorists have generally assumed that
  traits are fixed or unchanged.
• Where exactly do traits come from?
• This is the big question that can only be
  theorized.

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5 factor model

• These are the 5 basic personality factors that
  research suggests.
• I - Extroversion- talkative, assertive, active
• II Agreeableness- kind, trustworthy, warm
• III Conscientiousness- organized, thorough,
• IV Emotional Stability-Instability- reliable
• V - Openness to experience- curious
• There are hundreds of studies on 5 factors with
  varying beliefs and hopes.

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Psychoanalytic approach- Freud

• All people have inner struggles.
• People are born with biological drives such as
  aggression, sex, and need for superiority.
• These drives may come into conflict with laws,
  social norms, and moral codes that have
  previously been internalized.
• Behaviors, thoughts, and emotions represent that
  persons outcome of inner contests between the
  opposing forces of drives and rules.

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Contd

• Freud felt that conscious ideas and feelings
  occupy only small part of mind.
• Many of peoples deepest thoughts, fears, urges
  remain out of their awareness.
• Urges are pushed into an unconscious part of the
  mind.
• Psychoanalysis-(Exploring the unconscious) people
  are encouraged to talk about anything that pops
  into their mind.
• Freud also looked at dreams and used hypnosis.

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Id, ego, super ego

• Mind has three basic psych structures
• Id- like a two year old- I want, I want ,
  represents basic drives.
• Instant gratification, pleasure, disregards laws
  customs, and needs of others.
• Follows Freuds pleasure principle- immediate
  release of energy, emotion, that will bring
  personal gratification, relief, or pleasure.
• Present at Birth
• HUNTERS Favorite structure

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Ego

• Develops as child's demands for gratification
  cannot be met or because those demands may be
  harmful.
• Stands for reason and good sense
• Guided by the reality principle- cannot always
  get what you want.
• Ego tries to satisfy the desire of the id in a
  way that is reality.
• Provides conscious self help
• When impulses and desires reach too high a level,
  the ego tries to suppress them.

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Superego

• Develops throughout childhood
• Functions on moral principle.
• Incorporates values of parents and community, and
  provides us with moral sense.
• Superego acts as the conscious and floods the ego
  with guilt and shame when it feels society would
  not approve.

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Defense Mechanisms

• Repression
• Rationalization
• Displacement
• Regression
• Projection
• Reaction Formation
• Denial
• Sublimation

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Stages of Development

• Freud believed that we develop in 5 stages and at
  each stage, we encounter conflict and must
  resolve that conflict or we will be stuck or
  fixated at that stage. Adults would then
  possess that trait from childhood.
• Stages Oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital.

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Maslows hierarchy of needs
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Maslow