Wireless Communication

1
Wireless Communication

• Understand the trend of wireless communication
• Understand WAP protocol, PCS, GSM and CDMA
• Understand the power of combining mobile
  communication with the Internet called Mobile
  Internet.

2
Terminologies

• 3G, "3rd generation",, generally applied to
  wideband mobile services and applications.
• 3GPP, Third Generation Partnership Project,, set
  up to speedup the development of open
  globally-accepted technical specifications for G.
• Bluetooth, A global initiative by Ericsson,,
  IBM,, Intel,, Nokia and Toshiba to set a
  standard for cable-free connectivity between
  mobile hones,, mobile PCs,, hand held computers
  and other peripherals.

3
Terminology

• CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access. The code
  division technology was originally developed for
  military use over 30 years ago. CDMA is a
  multiple access technique,, which uses code
  sequences as traffic channels within common
  radio channels - used for CDMA One (IS-95) air
  interface.
• EDGE, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. EDGE
  has been developed for those networks that didn't
  but a UMTS license and while it promises only
  about a third of the bandwidth

4
Terminology

• GPRS, General Packet Radio Systems. GPRS is
  hailed as the 2.5 for mobile phones and will be
  with us from the beginning of 2001. GPRS will
  give you a permanent connection at about 50 kbps
  or so to your mobile phone.
• GSM, Short for Global system for Mobile
  Communications,, it is the mobile phone platform
  used in Europe,, Hong Kong and much of the rest
  of the world. However,, it is not mainstream in
  the USA. Dual band phones are capable of
  operating on other bandwidths aboard.

5
Terminology

• iMode, Japanese network NTT DoCoMo has had a
  great deal of success with iMode,, with the main
  advantage over WAP being that it is
  packet-switched network.
• UMTS, Universal Mobile Telephony System. This is
  almost universally subscribed to standard for the
  third generation and is generally based on
  W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)
  telephony students. It promises a permanent
  internet connection of at least 384kbps and up to
  about 2mbps,,

6
Terminology

• WAP, Wireless Application Protocol. The
  development of WAP is being driven by the WAP
  Forum,, initially founded by Motorola

7
Digital Television

• The television signals that we are using are
  analogous, not digital. Digital TV not just the
  change of signal transmission format, but also
  the interactivity between the TV set and
  audience.
• Cost and Benefitthere are cheaper ways to get a
  picture as good as digital as within the 100hz
  screen technology costing around US900,
• That is similar to the real Dolby Digital sound
  that we hear in DVD machines.

8
Components

• To receive ONDigital Terrestrial TV (BBC-ITV),
  there is a need to install a set top box
  connected to the existing TV.
• To receive Sky Digital satellite TV, Old and new
  customers will need a brand New Satellite Dish
  Decoder. The box will also have to be connected
  to the telephone socket
• To receive Digital cable services, we need a new
  digital set top box which will also be upgraded
  automatically to old customers from the local
  telephone company.

9
Set Top box

• Set Top box is needed, as the boxes are being
  made by Nokia, Phillips, Toshiba, Sony Pace,
  with another new contract just being signed by
  Northern Telecom and Cable Wireless for Pace to
  supply their home set top boxes for the coming
  summer 2000 launch for Digital Cable.

10
PCS

• Personal Communications Services, a whole family
  of next-generation wireless communications
  services that include new categories of wireless
  voice, two-way messaging and high-speed data
  transmission using lightweight, multi-function,
• PCS networks operate similarly to other radio
  technologies in that signals are sent using a
  series of transmitters (also called base
  stations) mounted on buildings, free-standing
  towers and other structures.
• PCS phones send and receive digital signals via
  these base stations and a system of computerized
  switches.

11
GSM

• The "Global System for Mobile Communications" or
  GSM is an international digital radio standard
  created by the European Telecommunications
  Standards Institute (ETSI). PCS network uses GSM
  technology.

12
Wireless Application Protocol

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) provides a
  universal open standard for bringing internet
  content and advanced value added services to
  mobile phones and other wireless devices. It is
  the platform for a new generation of "media
  phones" which will enable users to easily access
  web based interactive information services and
  applications from the screens of their mobile
  phones.

13
The Need

• WAP gives mobile access to information and
  services for small wireless devices as i.e.
  mobile phones and PDAs.
• WAP takes care of the limitations those kinds of
  devices have and the demand of flexibility they
  need.

14

The Limitations

• Small display screens with low resolution.
• The input devices have limited capacity and
  mostly no pointing device
• Low power CPU, less memory and less reliable
  power supply.
• The network offers less bandwidth and less
  reliable contact.

15
The Flexibility

• When it is compared to i.e. HTML-C, the
  WAP-standard does not specify how a WAP-device
  should look like.

16
Importance

• It is important because the combination of mobile
  phone and the Internet is the trend. WAP is the
  standard for this.

17
The operation

• The WAP standard was created because the world's
  leading companies in the business of
  telecommunication saw the need for a global
  standard for wireless communication with extended
  services on a small handheld device.
• WAP combines two techniques wireless
  communication and the Internet.

18
WAP architecture

• Application Layer
• It is based on a combination of Mobile Telephony
  and World Wide Web technologies. and consist of
  the following
• Session layer
• Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) This layer offers
  mainly two session services connection session
  and connectionless session.
• Transaction Layer
• It provides a light-weight transaction-oriented
  protocol that is suitable for mobile clients.

19
WAP architecture

• Security Layer
• It is based on the industry-standard TLS
  (Transport Layer Security) protocol,
• It can be used for secure communication between
  terminals and business cards.
• Transport Layer
• It operates above the data capable bearer
  services and offers a consistent service to the
  upper layer protocols in the WAP
• Network Layer
• It is the Wireless bearers and is designed to
  operate over a variety of bearer services, like
  SMS, CDMA, CSD and more.

20
WAP Gateway

• The WAP Gateway is a device for converting the
  TCP/IP protocols to the different WAP protocols
  and vice versa. It is able to translate HTML to
  WML.

21
Wireless Markup Language

• WML (Wireless Markup Language) is similar to HTML
  and is used to create pages to be shown in a
  WAP-browser. A WAP-browser is always included in
  a WAP-device.

22
WAP-browser

• A WAP-browser (WAP micro-browser) interprets WML
  in a WAP-device. It is similar to a web browser
  in a PC.

23
WMLScript

• WMLScript is similar to JavaScript but there are
  also differences.
• WMLScript is precompiled, as WML is, before it
  reaches the wireless device. WML contains no
  WMLScripts, only references to WMLScript URLs.
• WAP version 1.2 has now been approved. This
  version introduces WAP Push Architecture, user
  agent profiles (UAPROF), WDP-tunling,.

24
Use of PC to test WAP

• We can use PC to test WAP, but cannot use an
  ordinary web-browser to view a WAP-site. To be
  able to access a WAP-site through Internet, we
  need a WAP-emulator in PC. You can try the
  following URLs.http//wap.combra.se/The Nokia
  WAP Toolkit 1.1 is downloadable from
  http//www.forum.nokia.com/developers/wap/wap.html
  Ericsson has a similar SDK, downloadable from
  http//mobileinternet.ericsson.se/emi/Dynamical
  Systems Research offers a commercial development
  environment, read more at http//www.wap.net/devk
  it/Slob-Trot Software has the WML-browser
  WinWAP, downloadable at http//www.slobtrot.com/w
  inwap/

25
secure transactions using WAP

• WAP 1.1 has a security-layer, in the protocol
  stack, named WTLS handling the security. A
  strongly secure solution should be built using an
  WAP-server connected directly to the GSM-network.
  Security is not though something that comes
  automatically and applications demanding a high
  level of security must be developed with great
  care.

26
Conversion from HTML to WML

• There are systems for automatic conversion from
  HTML to WML. How well this works in reality
  depends on the device, the application and the
  complexity of the HTML-page to convert.

27
HTML-C

• This is a variant of HTML with some added tags to
  make it usable on a cellular like wap-device. NTT
  Docomo, the biggest cellular phone operator, has
  used it in Japan since 1999. Many people see this
  as a first step towards WAP.

28
HDML (Handheld Device Markup Language)

• has been available since 1996. It is developed
  by Phone.com, which also is one of the promoters
  to WAP. In USA HDML is more common than WAP so
  far, because HDML came first. A HDML FAQ is found
  at this site http//www13.w3.org/TR/NOTE-Submissio
  n-HDML-FAQ

29
3G

• A new radio communications technology that will
  create a "bit pipe" for providing mobile access
  to internet-based services..
• In the near future, mobility won't be an add-on
  it will become a fundamental aspect of many
  services. We'll expect high-speed access to the
  internet, entertainment, information and
  electronic commerce.
• 3G services will add an invaluable mobile
  dimension to services that are already becoming
  an integral part of modern business life.
• We will use 3G services enter our day -to-day
  lives in all sorts of new ways for example, in
  shopping, banking, or playing interactive
  computer games over the Net.