Functional Anatomy of

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Functional Anatomy of The Vertebrates PowerPoin
t Lecture Presentations Prepared by William E.
Bemis Professor of Biology University of
Massachusetts Amherst Based on K.F. Liem, W.E.
Bemis, W.F. Walker L. Grande. 2001. Functional
Anatomy of the Vertebrates. (3rd ed.). Harcourt,
Philadelphia.
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CHAPTER 14 THE BRAIN
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Fig. 14.1
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Prosencephalon Optic vessicles and
infundibulum differentiate first from
prosencephalon. Telencephalon develops as
rostrolateral outgrowths forming cerebral
hemispheres (cerebrum) and paired olfactory
bulbs. Lateral ventricles lie within cerebral
hemispheres. Ventricles are lined with
ependymal epithelium.
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Infundibulum differentiates midventrally from
prosencephalon. Gives rise to the
neurohypophysis, the neural portion of the
hypophysis ( pituitary gland).
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Prosencephalon Diencephalon develops
along midline of prosencephalon contains third
ventricle. Its Lateral walls thicken to form
thalamus. Floor becomes hypothalamus. Roof
becomes thin epithalamus, which gives rise to
epiphysis (median eye complex). Optic chiasma
forms rostral to hypothalamus.
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Mesencephalon Cerebral aqueduct of
Sylvius extends through mesncephalon and joins
third ventricle of prosencephalon with fourth
ventricle of rhombencephalon. Dorsal surface
called tectum, which forms paired superior
colliculi (optic reflexes) and inferior
colliculi (auditory reflexes) in mammals. Floor
of mesencephalon called tegmentum.
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Rhombencephalon Metencephalon - forms
cerebellum and pons (in mammals, ventral
concentration of nuclei that relay information
between cerebrum and cerebellum. Myelencephalon -
medulla oblongata In mammals, mesencephalic,
cervical, and pontine flexures
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Fig. 14.11
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Fig. 14.14
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MENENGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID Layers of
connective tissue covering brain derived from
mesoderm and some neural crest. Dura mater unites
connective tissue lining cavity with arachnoid
layer, overlying pia mater. Dura mater spta form
falx cerebri and tentorium. Strands of connective
tissue cross subarachnoid space. CSF circulates
in subarachnoid space and ventricles. CFS
produced in choroid plexus resorbed through
arachnoid villi.
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Relative Size of Cerebrum, Cerebellum and Optic
Lobe
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Primary Sensory and Primary Motor Areas
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Brain Size