SPECIES

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SPECIES INTERACTIONS
DOMESTICATION OF MAMMALS
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INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS (Categories)
Many interactions involve COEVOLUTION
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EXPLOITATION
Predation - coevolution
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EXPLOITATION
Mammal-plant interactions
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EXPLOITATION
Mammal-plant interactions
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EXPLOITATION
Parasitism Disease -- host parasite coevolution
Plague
Rabies
Lyme disease
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EXPLOITATION
Parasite host cospeciation
Geomydoecus
Geomys
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MUTUALISM
Endosymbionts
Initially endoparasities?
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MUTUALISM
Mammal-plant mutualism
Evolve from relationships that were initially
exploitative
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MUTUALISM
Mammal-mammal mutualism
Shared predator vigilance
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DOMESTICATION of mammals
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Canidae
Earliest domestication?
Wild canids
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Canidae
Wolf variability (Canis lupus)
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Canidae
Dog breeds
(relationships inferred from nuclear genes)
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Felidae
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ORDER CARNIVORA Family Felidae
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ORDER PERISSODACTYLA Family Equidae
Domestic horse --- ca. 6,000 ypb ASIA
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ORDER PERISSODACTYLA Family Equidae
Genetics
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ORDER PERISSODACTYLA Family Equidae
Hybridization
All equid hybrids are sterile due to problems of
chromosome pairing during meiosis (unbalanced
gametes)
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ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Family Bovidae
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ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Family Bovidae
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ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Family Suidae
ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Family Cervidae
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ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Family Camelidae
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ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Family Camelidae
The only large mammal domesticates from
the Western Hemisphere
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ORDER RODENTIA Family Caviidae
ORDER LAGOMORPHA Family Leporidae
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Ecology of Domestication
Types of domesticates
Commensal (dog, cat) Not originally raised by
humans but attracted to human modified habitats
Captive (ungulates) Purposefully captured and
raised by humans
Six requirements for successful captive
domestication (from Jared Diamond 2002.
Nature 418700-707)
1) Generalist diet
2) Favorable life history (fecundity and growth
rate)
3) Docile disposition
4) Captive breeding
5) Social grouping in herds
6) Low panic response
Also genetic predisposition for artificial
selection (natural variability, hybridization)
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Geography of Domestication
Predominance of Eurasia
Why?
Earliest agricultural economies
Large selection of appropriate mammals