Octavian

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Octavian
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Roman Empire (Pax Romana)
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• Rules for 45 years
• Doesnt want to end up like Caesar
• Doesnt show off his power
• calls him self Princeps 1st citizen
• Not an Emperor to people
• Keeps many old republican ways
• makes Rome strong

Augusta
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He Protects himself
The Praetarian Guard is a special treatment just
for him and is always at Augustas disposal
never too far away.
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Shares Power
Princep/Emperor
Senate
Power of only new territories (where army is)
Power of current land and Provinces
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The Buffer Zone allows nearby Kings to stay as
long as they promise to help Rome if
attacked Augusta continues to allow others to
become citizens.
Buffer Zone
ROME
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family
civil service
Religions
Buildings
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"I found a Rome of sun-dried bricks
left it clothed in marble"
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Augusta's Family
Tiberius
Nero
Cheap, spent little money one Roman games
Caligula
Crazy? Kills any opp. And sets Rome on fire!
Spiteful (names horse) assassinated by own
Praetroian guard!
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There are so many problem that the senate and the
army start choosing the Emperor. This starts a
new period of good times in Rome, called the
period of the . . .
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5 Good Emperors
(Nerva, Tarjan, Hadrian, Antonius Piur, Marcus
Aurelius)

• Each selects and trains next to be
  Caesar/successor
• Trajan is the 1st Emperor not an Italian!
• Together, the 5 good emperors establish Pax
  Romana (Roman Peace)

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Roman Peace

• Low taxes
• Lots of work
• Lots of trade
• Spreads use of Latin
• Builds Cities
• Builds roads, etc.

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Decline Fall of Empire
There is no single reason why, but instead a
combination of things 1. Politics
2. Economics 3.
Technology 4. Defense
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Politics

• Often argued over succession . . . Whos next?
• Caused civil wars
• Imperial armies against each other
• Generals try to control
• Emperors assassinated
• Political corruption . . . Bribery
• After Trajan . . . Anyone could be Emperor
• Even non-Italians!
• Division (East/West)

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Economics

• Expensive to run such a massive empire
• Costs increase, never enough tax money coming in
• Taxes continue to go up
• Empire tries controlling businesses, less
  efficient
• Inflation as prices go up
• Guilds middle man
• Poverty less people can afford to buy less
  trade
• Less trade less taxes
• So much land, cant control pirating, both on
  land and on seas.

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Technology

• Romes technology doesnt advance much
• WHY?
• Slaves do most of the hard work anyway no need
  to invent
• Education focused on public speaking
  memorizing
• Doesnt encourage Creativity.

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Defense

• Huge Frontier/boarder to defend . . . Virtually
  impossible

• Fewer citizens willing to volunteer to army
• Before, only wealthy could be in . . . Had
  something to fight for
• Now, mercenaries, paid soldiers . . . Worth
  fighting for a few buck
• Lower quality of army standards
• As citizenship expanded . . . No longer just
  Romans in army
• Thus mixed allegiances
• Rome and power divided east/West

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Attachs from all sides and directions
Barbarians
Roman Empire
Help!
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• Germanic tribes constantly invading the north
• Vandals invade from Africa (South)
• Huns attacking (powerful leader . . . Attila
  the Hun (East)
• Visigoths (West)
• Finally, German, Ostrogoth Odoacer, captures
  Western Emperor.