Carbon Capture

1
Carbon Capture Storage- Solution or
Distraction?

• Ron Oxburgh

2
The Profligate Century

• In real terms fossil fuel remained cheap
  throughout 20th century
• Supported the rapid economic growth of the west
• Finite resource sold at extraction-cost plus
  margin
• Optimisation to everything other than fuel use
• Irreversible environmental damage
• First priority Efficiency and Avoiding waste

3
World CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuels ,GT, 2004
Mostly Power Generation
Mostly Transport
World Coal consumption increased 301999-2006
World Energy Outlook, 2005
4
Going Forward

• The CO2 challenge will not become easier
• Rising world population
• Rising prosperity

5
Increase in Energy Use vs GDP1971-2002, Malaysia
Korea
Korea
2002
Malaysia
1971
6
Aspects of the World distribution of Oil, Gas and
Coal
COAL
7
Emissions for Power Generation depend on fuel and
combustion mode
8
Energy Emissions China Developed Countries
2030
2020

Emissions of Developed Countries
2015 China Emissions
2010
1965
China today
Current China Emissions
2000
CHINA WITH CCS
9
Point Sources of CO2 Electricity Generation,
2004
EJ
EJ
CO2
CO2
2008 ca. 9GT CO2 from point sources
Data IPCC 4th Assessment, Ch. 4
10
Carbon Capture and Storage
Capture
Transport
COAL
CO2
Storage
COAL MINE
CO2
11
CCS - elements

• Capture done largely with technology developed
  for other purposes - ?70 of todays costs
• Transport pipeline or tanker not hazard-free
  but less hazardous than natural gas
• Storage largely underground in natural traps
  opportunities depend substantially on local
  geology

12
The Challenges

• Cost on todays estimates adds 30 50 to
  electricity cost must be reduced
• Power plants last for 40 - 50 years CCS must be
  retrofitable some power stations may not have
  room for retrofit
• Storage
• Proving long term store integrity
• Availability of enough capacity where needed
• Solid state storage in future?

13
McKinsey Abatement Opportunities beyond Business
a. u. to 2030 - Version 2, 2008
Abatement potential Gt CO2 per year
Euro/ Tonne CO2

• ALL elements needed - not a menu!
• Some measures slow to implement - begin earlier
• Different socio/political implications

14
Conclusions

• Whether we like it or not, coal will be burned
  for the next forty years - devastating
  environmental consequences unless CO2 is abated
• CCS is a transitional technology until most
  electricity generation from non-FF sources, no
  practicable alternative
• Present costs have to be reduced to make CCS
  widely used in developing countries west will
  have to pay
• CCS is not a silver bullet to solve climate
  change but virtually impossible to manage
  climate change without it