Differences between International Organisations

1
Differences between International Organisations
2
Global vs Regional

• Heterogeneity v Homogeneity
• Clash of Civilisations v Similar Cultures
• (Philosophy, development)? (Christian,
  developed)?
• 3.Divisibility of peace v Indivisibility of
  peace
• 4.No loyalty v Some loyalty
• 5.Globalisation v
  Nationalism/parochialism
• 6.Remoteness v Propinquity
• 7.No opinion/po v Elections(EP)

3
UN v EU

• Membership
• 192/27
• Obligations
• What is Europe
• Turkey
• Which Europe
• Council of Europe 47
• OSCE 55
• NATO 26

4
EU criteria

• European
• The Hague 1969 In so far as the applicant
  States accept the Treaties and their political
  aims, the decisions taken since the entry into
  force of the Treaties and the options adopted in
  the sphere of development.
• Copenhagen 1993 stability of institutions
  guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human
  rights and respect for and protection of
  minorities
• functioning market economies capacity to cope
  with competitive pressures and market
  forcesobligation of membership

5

• Functional v Neo-functional
• Power
• Wheare Federal government exists when the
  powers of government for a community are divided
  substantially according to the principle that
  there is a single independent authority for the
  whole area in respect of some matters, and that
  there are independent regional authorities for
  other matters, each set of authorities being
  co-ordinate with, and not subordinate to the
  others within its prescribed sphere.

6

• Wyn Grant Confederal A term applied to a
  union of states which is less binding in its
  character than a federation. In principle, the
  states in a confederation would not lose their
  separate identity through confederation, and
  would retain the right of secession. In practice,
  this right might be difficult to exercise, and
  the constituent units of a long-standing
  confederation might appear to be little different
  from those of any other federal state.

7
Decision-making

• Subsidiarity EU
• Veto P5/UN
• Consensus NATO
• Consensus 1 OSCE
• Majority UNGA
• QMV IMF/EU

8
Laws

• EU
• A regulation shall have general application. It
  shall be binding in its entirety and directly
  applicable in all Member States.
• A directive shall be binding, as to the result
  to be achieved, upon each Member State to which
  it is addressed, but shall leave to the national
  authorities the choice of form and methods.
• A decision shall be binding in its entirety
  upon those to whom it is addressed.
• Recommendations and opinions shall have no
  binding force.

9
ECJ/ICJ

• The Court also makes sure that EU member states
  and institutions do what the law requires. The
  Court has the power to settle legal disputes
  between EU member states, EU institutions,
  businesses and individuals.
• The Court of Justice finds that the Member State
  concerned has not complied with its judgement, it
  may, upon the request of the Commission, impose
  on the Member State a fixed or a periodic
  financial penalty

10
ICJ

• The Court is competent to entertain a dispute
  only if the States concerned have accepted its
  jurisdiction in one or more of the following
  ways
• by entering into a special agreement to submit
  the dispute to the Court
• by virtue of a jurisdictional clause, i.e.,
  typically, when they are parties to a treaty
  containing a provision whereby, in the event of a
  dispute of a given type or disagreement over the
  interpretation or application of the treaty, one
  of them may refer the dispute to the Court
• through the reciprocal effect of declarations
  made by them under the Statute whereby each has
  accepted the jurisdiction of the Court as
  compulsory in the event of a dispute with another
  State having made a similar declaration. A number
  of these declarations, which must be deposited
  with the United Nations Secretary-General,
  contain reservations excluding certain categories
  of dispute.

11
Objectives

• Role/Function Objectives?
• Political
• Economic
• Functional
• Spill-over

12
BUDGET

• Council of Europe Ordinary budget in 2008
• 201m euros. 150m
• OSCE On 2 February 2007, the Permanent Council
  approved the OSCE Unified Budget for 2007,
  amounting to
• 168m. euros 100m
• EU 129.1 billion euros 90b.s
• UN 1806 US million 1000m
• TAXATION?