Neurophysiology II

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Neurophysiology II

• Nermien Waly MD, PhD
• Lecturer
• School of Pharmacy
• ACU
• nwaly_at_yahoo.com

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Overview

• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).
• Sensory Nervous System.
• Motor (Somatic) Nervous System.
• Higher function of the cortex.
• Blood Brain Barrier and CSF.
• Temperature Regulation.

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Sensory Nervous System

• Sensory receptors (general)
• Somatosensory System receptors, Sensory
  pathways, thalamus, and sensory cortex
• Special senses vision, hearing, taste, and
  olfaction.

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Sensory Receptors

• Mechanoreceptors
• Thermo receptors
• Photo receptors
• Chemoreceptors

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Somatosensory System

• Mechanoreceptors
• Pathways
• dorsal column pressure, vibration,
  proprioception
• anterolatral column light touch, pain,
  temperature
• Thalamus
• Cortex S1,S2

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Motor (somatic) Nervous System

• Motor unit
• Higher centers brain stem, cerebellum, basal
  ganglia.
• Motor cortex

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Motor Unit
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Higher Motor control

• Brain stem motor tracts pyramidal,
  extra-pyramidal. Controls posture
• Cerebellum controls balance, eye movement,
  planning and initiation of movement, synergy.
• Basal ganglia modulate movement, dopamine!
• Motor cortex area 4 execute movement, area 6
  plan movement.

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Higher functions of Cortex

• Sleep
• Language
• Learning
• Memory

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Blood brain barrier (BBB) and cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF)

• Anatomy
• Function
• CSF Formation

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Temperature Regulation

• Mechanism Heat gain vs. Heat loss.
• Disruption of heat regulation.
• Role of drugs.

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Mechanism of heat regulation

• Heat loss
• irradiation, convection (vasodilatation)
• Evaporation (sweating)

• Heat gain
• Shivering
• Sympathetic stimulation
• Thyroid hormone

• Hypothalamic set point for body temperature

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Disrupted heat regulation

• Fever
• Heat exhaustion/stroke
• Hypothermia
• Malignant hyperthermia

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Fever

• Mechanism role of IL1, prostaglandins
• Treatment and role of drugs e.g. Aspirin, NSAIDs

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Thank you