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   Anchoring Effects in Spanish P. Prieto F.
Torreira ICREA/UAB ULB Pilar.Prieto_at_uab.es,
frtorreira_at_yahoo.es ESF International Conference
on Tone and Intonation. Santorini, 9-11 September
2004

• Anchoring Hypothesis
• Recent research suggests that when prosodic
  effects are excluded alignment of F0 targets is
  governed by segmental or syllabic anchoring.
• Strict alignment effects are pervasive under
  changes of syllabic/segmental structure and
  speech rate (Arvaniti Ladd 1995 Greek Ladd et
  al. 1999 English Xu 1998 Chinese Schepman et
  al. subm Dutch Atterer Ladd, to appear,
  German).
•  
• Anchoring Hypothesis Ls and Hs are anchored to
  specific points in the segmental structure,
  regardless of segmental or syllable structure
  composition.

Methodology

• Pitch accent under study
• LH rising prenuclear accent in statements
• First accent in the utt, located in the first
  complex NP
• Contour typically found in read speech initial
  prenuclear H does not exhibit peak displacement.
• Subjects 3 young female speakers of Penins.
  Spanish.

Experimental Design

• Experiment 1 focuses on the effects of segmental
  and syllabic composition on prenuclear peak
  placement.
• Experiment 2 focuses on the effects of syllable
  structure and speech rate on prenuclear peak
  placement.

• Goals of the study
• Test the segmental and syllabic anchoring
  hypothesis for H prenuclear peaks in Spanish
• Given the same prosodic context, is H anchored to
  the segmentals or to the syllable, regardless
  of..
• a. segmental composition of the syllable?
• b. syllable structure?
• c. speech rate?

Labeling scheme

• Manual segmentation of
• Segmental landmarks (in ms)
• Onset of every target segment of accented and
  postaccented syllables (o, c0, v0, (k0), c1, v1,
  c2)
• End of word (ew)
• Phrase-initial and final points (only Exp 2)
• Pitch landmarks
• L, H (-4 of f0 range after f0 peak)

Beginning of the sentence Emilio Rodríguez
terminó ayer (02b, Raquel 2rep)
Experiment 1
Experiment 2

• GOAL To test the effects of syllable structure
  and speech rate on prenuclear peak placement.
• Same 3 speakers of Castilian Spanish read twice
  16 target syllables in proparoxytone words (8
  open, 8 closed), at a normal, fast and slow rates
• A total of 288 utterances (16 utterances x 3
  speech rates x 3 speakers x 2 repet.)

• GOAL To test the effects of segmental and
  syllabic composition on prenuclear peak
  placement.
• 3 speakers of Castilian Spanish read a corpus of
  96 sentences exhibiting the phonological variety
  needed to test our hypothesis
• A total of 432 tokens (48 utterances x 3 speakers
  x 3 repetitions)

RESULTS
RESULTS
Effects of syllable duration

• Effects of syllable duration
• High correlation (around 0,90) between syllable
  duration and H delay for the 3 speakers Less
  delay in syllables with no coda

• Positive correlation between syllable duration
  and H delay for the 3 speakers
• Less delay in syllables with no coda

• Effects of syllable structure
• Peaks more retracted into the syllable in closed
  syllables diff statistically significant for the
  3 speakers
• Peaks signif. displaced to the right in closed
  syllables (t-test signif at p lt 0,0001)
• No strict anchoring at end of syllable or V

• Effects of coda type
• Peaks align some ms later in nasal codas than in
  lateral codas.
• Separate two-way ANOVAs reveal significant
  effects for SPEAKER (plt0.000), CODATYPE (plt0.000)
  both for hdelay and htoev0.

• Effects of syllable structure
• Peaks more retracted into the syllable in closed
  syllables diff statistically significant for the
  3 speakers
• No strict anchoring at end of syllable or V

• Effects of speech rate
• High correlation (around 0,90) between syllable
  duration and H delay for the 3 speakers Less
  delay in syllables with no coda.
• Peaks are retracted as speech rate decreases, for
  the 3 speakers (ANOVA sign 2 speak)

• CONCLUSIONS Loose alignment towards the end of
  v0 depending on
• Syllable structure Closed sylls display a
  significant later alignment than open s
• Segmental composition peaks are retracted as
  speech rate decreases

• CONCLUSIONS Loose alignment towards the end of
  v0 depending on
• Syllable structure Closed syllables display a
  significant later alignment than open s
• Speech rate peaks are retracted as speech rate
  decreases (fast gt normal gt slow)

• General Conclusion Prenuclear Hs in Spanish are
  not strictly anchored to segmental or syllabic
  landmarks. Syllable structure, coda type and
  speech rate are factors that influence their
  position.